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The catch is that plank products differ far more than a showroom sample suggests. The core, the wear layer, the attached pad and the locking edge decide how a floor handles dents, cold slabs, sunlight and a dog's claws, and each maker's instructions set their own rules for flatness, room size and heating. A plank floor installed without following those rules usually fails at the joints first.
This page stays with planks: rigid versus flexible cores, reading a spec sheet, what waterproof really covers, floating-floor details, basements and radiant heat, old flooring underneath, and warranties and repairs. The vinyl flooring page covers sheet vinyl and vinyl tile.
Rigid core vs flexible luxury vinyl plank: SPC, WPC and glue-down planks
The core beneath the printed layer is the biggest difference between plank products, more than the pattern on top, and it's what installers mean when they talk about rigid versus flexible LVP.
- SPC (stone plastic composite) core: a dense, mineral-filled rigid core that resists dents from furniture and appliances and bridges small subfloor flaws, but feels harder and sounds louder underfoot.
- WPC core: a foamed rigid composite that is lighter, a little softer and warmer to walk on, and more likely to dent under narrow, heavy legs.
- Flexible glue-down plank: a thinner, pliable plank bonded to the subfloor, quiet and stable under rolling loads and easy to fit around odd shapes, but it needs a very smooth base.
- Thickness: a thicker plank mostly reflects a thicker core and pad, while the durability of the surface comes from the wear layer on top.
Wear layer, top coat and attached pad: reading a luxury vinyl plank spec sheet
Two planks that look identical on a sample board can wear very differently after a few winters of grit and chair legs. The spec sheet and installation instructions, not the front of the box, show what you're actually buying.
- Wear layer: the clear film over the print, stated by the maker as a thickness; a thicker one generally holds up better in kitchens, entrances and homes with pets.
- Top coat: a factory surface treatment over the wear layer that adds scratch and stain resistance and sets the sheen, and a matte finish hides scuffs better than a glossy one.
- Attached pad: many rigid planks come with a cushion bonded underneath, so confirm whether the product permits any extra underlay before buying one.
- Locking profile: a stiff, precisely milled click joint keeps a floating floor tight, and some profiles make replacing a single plank easier than others.
- Production lot: order every plank from the same lot, with extra boxes for cuts and future repairs, because colour can shift from one run to the next.
Waterproof vs water-resistant vinyl plank: what the label actually covers
Waterproof on a box of LVP usually describes the plank itself: its core won't swell, delaminate or rot when wet, unlike laminate or engineered wood. Water-resistant is the more accurate description of the finished floor, because the click joints, the gap left at the walls and the cut edges at doorways aren't sealed, and water that gets past them reaches whatever lies underneath.
That matters most over a plywood subfloor or a basement slab. A dishwasher leak or an overflowing toilet can run under a floating floor and stay there out of sight, soaking the wood or feeding mould on the pad while the surface looks fine. Treat LVP as splash-proof rather than flood-proof: seal the perimeter in wet rooms where the instructions call for it, use flexible sealant at tubs and toilets, and after a leak lift the planks nearest the source so the base can dry.
Installing floating vinyl plank: flatness, expansion gaps, transitions and cabinets
Rigid planks ride over small bumps, but they won't bend into a dip. Each maker sets a flatness tolerance over a stated length, and a floor outside it lets the planks flex at the joints until the locks crack, click or pull apart. Meeting it usually means grinding high spots on a slab or filling low areas with levelling compound; the floor levelling page covers that work.
- Layout: planks usually run the length of the main room or toward the main window, with end joints staggered at random so no ladder of seams appears.
- Expansion space: a floating floor needs a gap at walls, posts and door frames, hidden by baseboard or quarter-round, and door casings are undercut so planks slide beneath them.
- Large or connected areas: many instructions limit how far a floor may run without a break, or call for one at narrow doorways, so ask where transitions will go before ordering.
- Kitchen cabinets and islands: a floating floor must not be pinned under heavy fixed cabinetry, so cabinets typically sit on the subfloor with planks run up to them unless the product allows otherwise.
- Trim and stairs: reducers, T-mouldings and matching stair nosings are ordered with the floor so the colours match; the stair flooring page covers treads and risers.
Luxury vinyl plank in basements and over radiant heat: slab moisture, humidity and temperature limits
Basements are where LVP is chosen most often and where it's tested hardest. A slab can release moisture from below, and in muggy summer weather basement air can be damp enough to condense on cold concrete under the floor. The slab should pass a moisture test within the limit in the plank's instructions, with whatever vapour barrier or underlay the maker requires. Health Canada's advice is to keep indoor relative humidity between 30% and 50%, which in most basements means running a dehumidifier through the summer, good for the room as well as the floor.
Many plank products accept radiant heat, but not all of them. Vinyl softens as it warms, so makers that approve heated floors set a maximum surface temperature, and electric mats may need a layer of self-levelling compound between the cable and the planks. A floor sensor and a thermostat set within that limit protect the floor; the heated floors page explains the controls.
Old flooring under new vinyl plank: asbestos checks and new-floor odours
A floating plank floor is often laid over what's already there, and that decision should wait until you know what the old layer is. Older sheet vinyl, floor tiles and the adhesive beneath them can contain asbestos, and Health Canada explains the danger comes from disturbing such materials rather than from leaving them intact. If a suspect floor must come up, or be scraped or ground flat, have a sample tested first and use a qualified abatement contractor if it's positive.
Click planks go down without glue, which avoids one indoor source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs): Health Canada counts adhesives among the building materials that release them. Glue-down planks can smell for a while, so ask for a low-emission adhesive and keep the ventilation running for the first days.
Replacing a damaged vinyl plank and what can void an LVP warranty
A deep gouge or burn in one plank doesn't mean a new floor. Near a wall, the rows are unclicked back to the damaged plank and a spare is locked in; in the middle of a room, installers can cut the plank out and glue in a replacement with its locking lip trimmed. Glue-down planks are warmed and lifted out. Either way, spares from the original lot are what make the repair disappear. Warranty claims, meanwhile, are often refused for installation reasons rather than product defects:
- Adding a cushion under planks that already have an attached pad, or using an underlay the maker didn't approve.
- Installing over a subfloor outside the flatness tolerance, or over a slab that was never moisture-tested.
- Pinning a floating floor under cabinets, an island or tight trim so it can't move.
- Running a heated floor above the maker's surface temperature limit.
- Keeping no records: a claim usually asks for the receipt, the lot number and the installer's moisture readings, so file them away.
Luxury Vinyl Plank: frequently asked questions
Is SPC or WPC vinyl plank better for a basement?
Both cores tolerate water, so the choice comes down to feel and loads. SPC resists dents and bridges small slab flaws better, while WPC is softer and a little warmer underfoot. Either one needs a slab that passes the maker's moisture test.
Does luxury vinyl plank need an underlay?
Only the one its instructions call for. Planks with an attached pad usually shouldn't get another layer, others require a specific pad, and a vapour barrier is often required over concrete. Glue-down planks go directly on a smooth underlayment.
Can luxury vinyl plank go under kitchen cabinets?
Floating planks generally shouldn't be trapped under cabinets or a heavy island, because the floor needs room to move. Glue-down planks can be, and a few click products allow limited exceptions, so decide before the cabinets go in.
Is vinyl plank flooring a good choice with dogs?
Usually, since it shrugs off water and hides scratches better than most wood finishes. Pick a thicker wear layer and a matte, textured surface, and keep claws trimmed; heavy crates on narrow legs can still dent a softer core.
Why does my vinyl plank floor click or feel hollow?
Usually the subfloor isn't flat enough, so planks rock over a dip, or the floor is pinned at one edge. A doubled or missing underlay can cause it too. The fix is lifting the affected rows and correcting the base, not adding screws or glue.
Sources
Written by the LokalMatch editorial team. Reviewed by Zubair Afzal on September 10, 2026. How we write and check our guides
