Water Damage Restoration
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Water damage restoration is the work of getting a house dry and sound again after water has gone where it shouldn't: a burst pipe in January, a failed water heater, an overflowing toilet, a sewer backup during a summer storm or a basement flooded by spring runoff. The water itself is only the start. It soaks into drywall, insulation, subfloors and furniture, spreads under flooring and inside wall cavities and, if it stays, feeds mould and rot.
A restoration contractor removes standing water, dries the structure with dehumidifiers and air movers, measures moisture until materials are back to normal, takes out what can't be saved and prepares the house for rebuilding. Speed matters: Get Prepared advises cleaning up within 48 hours where possible to avoid mould growth.
This page explains the first steps to take safely, how the type of water changes the work, how professional drying proceeds, what to document for your insurer, how sewer backup and flood coverage differ, the government help available after major floods in Quebec and Ontario, and how to keep mould from following the water.
First steps after a leak or flood: electricity and safety before water
Water and electricity come first. If the floor around the electrical panel is wet, don't touch it: Hydro-Québec advises calling the utility to have service cut at the meter or the pole, and never cutting power yourself while standing on a wet floor. Get Prepared warns that flooded appliances can cause a shock or a fire when switched on, and that a flooded home shouldn't be re-entered until a qualified electrician says it's safe if the main switch wasn't turned off beforehand.
In Quebec, Hydro-Québec recommends having a master electrician assess the installation before the power goes back on, and if the utility cut the service, only a master electrician can ask for it to be restored. Elsewhere, have a licensed electrician check any wiring or equipment that got wet.
- Stop the water if you can do so safely, by closing the main shut-off valve or the valve on the fixture that failed.
- Treat water from a sewer backup or a flood as contaminated and avoid skin contact.
- Report the damage to your insurer or broker as soon as possible, as the Insurance Bureau of Canada recommends, before committing to major work.
Clean water, grey water and sewage: how the type of water changes the restoration
Restoration professionals sort water by how contaminated it is, because that decides what can be dried in place and what must be thrown out. Water also gets dirtier as it sits and travels through floors and walls, so a clean leak left for days is no longer clean.
- Clean water: a burst supply pipe, a leaking water heater or an overflowing sink; many materials can be dried if work starts quickly.
- Grey water: discharge from a washer or dishwasher, or a toilet overflow without feces; it carries soap and bacteria, so porous materials are more often removed.
- Sewage and floodwater: a sewer backup or water from a river, lake or runoff; soaked porous materials generally have to go, and crews wear protective equipment.
- A flooded well: Get Prepared says not to use the water until your local health authority advises on cleanup, disinfection and testing.
How water damage restoration works: extraction, drying and moisture monitoring
Professional drying is a controlled process, not a matter of opening windows. The crew removes standing water with pumps and extraction equipment, then sets up dehumidifiers to pull moisture out of the air and air movers to push dry air across wet surfaces and into wall cavities. Moisture in walls, floors and framing is measured with meters and recorded over several visits, and the equipment is adjusted until materials reach normal levels.
- Inspection to find how far the water travelled, with moisture meters and sometimes a thermal camera.
- Extraction of standing water and removal of soaked carpet, underpad and contents.
- Drying with dehumidifiers and air movers, sometimes with small holes at the bottom of walls to vent the cavities.
- Regular moisture readings, recorded so you and your insurer can follow the progress.
- A final moisture check before rebuilding, so nothing is closed in while still wet.
Wet drywall, insulation and flooring after water damage: dry in place or remove
Get Prepared advises disposing of contaminated household items that cannot be dried. Building materials are judged the same way: by the type of water, how long they stayed wet and how they are made.
- Drywall: often cut out above the waterline after sewage or floodwater, or when it has softened, swollen or stayed wet too long.
- Insulation: wet batts inside walls are usually removed, since they hold water against the framing and dry poorly.
- Flooring: carpet and underpad soaked by dirty water are discarded; laminate often swells and lifts, while ceramic tile usually survives.
- Framing and subfloors: wood is normally dried in place and checked with a meter before the walls are closed.
Sewer backup vs overland flooding: how home insurance treats water damage
Where the water came from often matters more to your insurer than how much damage it did. The Insurance Bureau of Canada notes that a sewer backup in the basement is covered only with specific, optional sewer backup coverage, and that flood coverage is optional too, typically for overflowing lakes, ponds or rivers and surface water from heavy rain or melting snow.
- Sudden leaks: a burst pipe or failed appliance is often part of a standard policy, while damage from a slow, long-standing leak frequently isn't.
- Sewer backup: water rising through floor drains, toilets or sinks from the sewer; covered only with the optional coverage.
- Overland flooding: water from a river, lake or runoff entering through doors, windows or walls; covered only if you added flood coverage.
Documenting water damage for an insurance claim
Good records make a claim faster and head off disputes about what was damaged and why the restoration work was needed. The Insurance Bureau of Canada's flood guidance lists the basics.
- Take photos of damaged or destroyed items, plus wide shots of each room and the waterline before anything is moved.
- Make a complete list of everything damaged, destroyed or lost.
- Keep ruined items unless they are dangerous or a health hazard, and photograph anything that has to go.
- Keep every cleanup receipt, and ask the restoration company for its moisture readings and a written description of the work.
Disaster financial assistance after a major flood in Quebec and Ontario
When a major flood hits a region, provincial governments may help households, separately from insurance. In Quebec, the government offers financial assistance and compensation to owners of a principal residence and to tenants after a flood or other disaster; eligibility and details are on Québec.ca.
In Ontario, Disaster Recovery Assistance for Ontarians is activated only in specific areas after a natural disaster. It covers homeowners, for their primary residence only, and residential tenants, and can help with cleanup and with repairing or replacing essential property. Insurance payments are deducted from eligible costs, and sewer backup damage is generally excluded, with a provision for low-income households. Check whether it has been activated for your area.
Preventing mould after water damage: dry fast, then keep checking
Mould is what turns a water problem into a lasting one, and Health Canada notes it can begin growing within 48 hours in an area with excess moisture. The goal is to get materials dry before then, and to make sure nothing was sealed in wet.
- Keep dehumidifiers running until readings confirm the structure is dry, not just until surfaces feel dry.
- Bring indoor relative humidity back into the 30% to 50% range Health Canada recommends.
- Watch for a musty smell, stains or peeling paint over the following weeks, especially low on walls and behind baseboards.
- Fix the cause, such as a failed sump pump, a missing backwater valve or poor grading, so the next storm doesn't repeat the damage.
Water Damage Restoration: frequently asked questions
How long does it take to dry a house after water damage?
It depends on how much water there was, how long it sat, the materials and the weather. A good contractor keeps the equipment running until moisture readings show the structure is dry, rather than working to a fixed number of days.
Can I dry out my basement myself?
For a small clean-water leak caught right away, fans, a dehumidifier and removing wet items may be enough. Call a professional when the water came from a sewer or a flood, when walls, insulation or the subfloor got wet, or when the panel or outlets were affected.
Does home insurance cover a flooded basement?
Only for the causes your policy includes. The Insurance Bureau of Canada notes that sewer backup and flood coverage are both optional, so a basement flooded by a backup or by overland water may not be covered unless you added them.
Should I throw out wet items before the adjuster comes?
Not unless they're dangerous or a health hazard; the Insurance Bureau of Canada advises keeping ruined items and photographing them. If something must go, such as sewage-soaked carpet, photograph it first.
Is it safe to stay in the house during water damage restoration?
Often, if the water was clean, the electrical system is safe and the damage is limited. After a sewer backup or a flood, or with the power or heating out, staying elsewhere is usually wiser, and Get Prepared says not to return until authorities say it's safe.
Sources
- Floods: how to prepare — Get Prepared, Government of Canada
- Flooding and electrical safety — Hydro-Québec
- Flooding and insurance — Insurance Bureau of Canada
- Guide to addressing moisture and mould indoors — Health Canada
- Financial assistance for a flood or other disaster — Gouvernement du Québec
- Apply for Disaster Recovery Assistance — Government of Ontario
Written by the LokalMatch editorial team. Last reviewed September 10, 2026.
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What affects the cost of water damage restoration
Prices depend on the details of your project. We only publish price ranges when they’re backed by real LokalMatch quote data or reliable sources. Until then, here’s what usually changes the price:
- Interior or exterior approach
- Length of foundation wall to excavate or treat
- Depth, soil conditions and access for equipment
- Crack repair, underpinning or other structural work
- Weeping tile, sump pumps and backwater valves
- Restoring landscaping, driveways or finished basements
- Testing and safe removal of mould or asbestos, where needed
How to compare restoration companies before you hire
- Choose a contractor who finds the source of the water before recommending a fix, whether that's grading, eavestroughs, cracks or drainage.
- Ask them to explain the difference between interior and exterior waterproofing for your home, and why they recommend one.
- For foundation cracks that are wide, growing or uneven, ask whether a structural engineer should assess them first.
- For mould, asbestos or radon, hire professionals qualified for that specific work, and don't disturb suspect materials yourself.
- Get a written quote that lists excavation, membranes, weeping tile, sump pumps and restoration of landscaping or finishes.
Questions to ask restoration companies before you hire
- Where do you think the water is coming from, and how did you confirm it?
- Do you recommend interior or exterior waterproofing for my home, and why?
- Should a structural engineer look at these cracks or this wall?
- Does this work need a permit from my municipality?
- Is your warranty transferable if I sell the house, and what does it cover?
- How will you restore the landscaping, driveway or basement finishes afterwards?
- If you find mould or asbestos, how will it be handled and by whom?
When to call a pro for water damage restoration
- Water on the basement floor or damp walls after rain or snowmelt
- Foundation cracks that are growing, or walls that bow or lean, which should be assessed by a qualified professional
- Musty smells or mould that keeps coming back
- Suspected asbestos in insulation, flooring or pipe wrap: leave it undisturbed and call a qualified abatement professional.
Water damage restoration permits and local rules
Some water damage restoration work needs a permit or has to meet local bylaws. Rules vary by municipality, so ask your pro whether a permit is needed and who will apply for it — and check with your city or town if you’re unsure.
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