Asphalt Driveways
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An asphalt driveway is a layer of hot-mix asphalt spread and rolled over a compacted granular base. Paving contractors build new driveways, strip and replace worn ones, lay a fresh surface over pavement that is still sound, patch damaged areas and apply sealer. The asphalt gets most of the attention, but the base underneath and the way water drains off the surface decide how well a driveway stands up to frost, heavy vehicles and years of snow clearing.
Asphalt has real advantages in a Canadian winter: it flexes slightly when the ground moves a little, its dark surface helps snow melt in the sun, and cracks and potholes can be repaired one section at a time. Its weak points are water getting underneath, poorly supported edges, plow blades, and heavy loads left on pavement softened by summer heat. The concrete driveways page compares asphalt with concrete and pavers; this page stays with asphalt.
This page covers patching, resurfacing and replacement, base and drainage, the first weeks after paving, sealing and the federal ban on coal-tar sealants, winter care, cracks and potholes, door-to-door scams and curb cuts.
Asphalt driveway patching, resurfacing or full replacement: choosing the right repair
The right fix depends on what is failing: the surface, a few isolated spots, or the base underneath. A contractor should tell you which before recommending work, since new asphalt over a failing base only hides the problem.
- Patching: the damaged area is cut out, the base is repaired where needed and new asphalt is compacted in place, which suits isolated potholes, sunken spots and broken edges.
- Resurfacing, or an overlay: a new layer of asphalt goes over the existing pavement once it has been repaired, cleaned and often milled, which suits a surface that is worn but still well supported.
- Full replacement: the old asphalt and, where needed, the base are removed and rebuilt, the only lasting fix for widespread cracking, heaving, sinking or water pooling across the driveway.
Asphalt paving process: excavation, granular base, compaction and drainage
Most driveway failures start below the asphalt. A new driveway begins with removing the old surface and any soft or organic soil, then building a granular base in layers, each one compacted with a plate compactor or roller. A base that is too thin for the soil, or poorly compacted, lets the surface sink under tires and heave with frost, and more asphalt on top will not fix it.
Drainage is designed at the same time. The finished surface should slope away from the house and garage so rain and meltwater run toward the street, a lawn or a drain, never toward the foundation or the neighbour's lot. The thickness of the base and of the asphalt is set by the contractor for the soil, the drainage and the vehicles that will use the driveway, and both belong in the written quote along with the type of asphalt mix.
- Base: crushed stone is spread and compacted in layers, with extra care along the edges and where heavy vehicles stop.
- Grading: the base is shaped to the planned slope before any asphalt arrives, since the surface will follow it.
- Paving: hot asphalt is spread by a paving machine, or by hand on small jobs, and rolled while it is still hot.
After paving: curing, the first weeks and sealcoating an asphalt driveway
New asphalt stays soft for a while after paving, especially in hot weather. Follow the contractor's guidance on when to walk, drive and park on it. In the meantime, avoid turning the steering wheel while the car is stopped, keep kickstands, trailer jacks and heavy loads off it, and stay away from the edges, the easiest part to crush.
Sealing, often called sealcoating, adds a thin protective coat that slows the drying and fading of the surface and keeps water, fuel and oil from soaking in. It isn't applied to fresh asphalt: contractors wait until the new surface has cured, then reseal every few years depending on sun, traffic and wear. Cracks are filled and the surface cleaned first. In Montreal, washing paved surfaces with a garden hose is allowed only from April 1 to May 15 or for sanitation reasons, so plan cleaning around local water rules.
Driveway sealers: asphalt-based products and Canada's ban on coal-tar sealants
Pavement sealers have long come in two main families, asphalt-based and coal-tar-based. Coal-tar sealers contain high levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and the federal government has acted on them to prevent harm to the environment and reduce health risks. Under the Certain Products Containing Toxic Substances Regulations, the manufacture and import of coal-tar-based pavement sealants have been prohibited since October 1, 2025 and their sale since December 31, 2025, along with pavement sealants whose PAH content exceeds the limit the regulations set.
- Ask for the product name and have the quote confirm the sealer is not coal-tar-based.
- Be wary of unlabelled pails or old stock offered at a discount, since the ban covers sale as well as manufacture.
- Keep children and pets off a freshly sealed driveway, and follow the product label for drying time before driving on it.
Winter care for asphalt driveways: snow plows, shovels and de-icing salt
Winter damages asphalt mostly through water and blades. Meltwater that seeps into cracks freezes and pries them open, and a plow blade or steel shovel set too low catches raised edges, patches and seams. Ask your snow removal contractor to protect the surface with blade shoes or a slightly raised blade, mark the driveway edges with stakes before the ground freezes, and keep snowbanks from being piled on edges where the meltwater will sit.
- Clear snow early, before tires pack it into ice, so less de-icer is needed.
- Use salt sparingly: it keeps cracks wet through more freeze-thaw cycles and harms the lawn and plants along the driveway.
- Fill cracks in the fall, before water can get into them and freeze.
Asphalt driveway cracks and potholes: what causes them and how they're repaired
Where a crack appears and what it looks like tells you a lot about its cause. Scattered narrow cracks usually come from the surface aging and drying out, and can be sealed. Cracks that link into a pattern of small blocks, often called alligator cracking, point to a base that is giving way under load, and that area has to be cut out and rebuilt rather than filled.
- Narrow cracks: cleaned and filled with a flexible crack filler before water and frost widen them.
- Alligator cracking: a sign the base is weak or wet; the section is removed and patched down to firm material.
- Potholes: water entering through cracks softened the base and traffic broke the surface; a proper repair cuts clean edges and compacts new asphalt in layers.
- Sinking and ruts: soft soil or a thin, poorly compacted base, which means rebuilding the base, not just adding asphalt.
Warning signs of a door-to-door paving scam and your right to cancel
Paving scams come back every spring and summer. The federal Office of Consumer Affairs warns that someone who comes to your door offering to pave your driveway and asking for cash up front may be running a scam, and that such crews may leave the job unfinished or use substandard materials.
Provincial law gives you time to back out of a contract signed at home. In Ontario, a contract signed at your home comes with a 10-day cooling-off period that starts the day you receive a written copy of the agreement. In Quebec, a contractor who solicits you at home is an itinerant merchant: you can cancel within 10 days of receiving a written copy of the contract, and within one year if the merchant did not hold a valid permit from the Office de la protection du consommateur when you signed.
- Asphalt supposedly left over from a job nearby, offered at a discount if you decide right now.
- Pressure to start the same day, with no written quote or contract.
- Cash only, or a large deposit before any work begins.
- No business name, address or phone number you can check.
Widening an asphalt driveway: curb cuts, permits and municipal rules
Repaving within the existing outline rarely needs approval, but widening the driveway, moving it or adding a parking pad often does, since municipalities regulate driveway width, how much of the front yard can be paved and where runoff goes. Anything that touches the curb or the public sidewalk involves the city: in Montreal, a borough permit is required before a curb cut is created, removed or modified. Get that approval before paving day.
Asphalt Driveways: frequently asked questions
How long before I can drive on a new asphalt driveway?
It depends on the weather, the mix and the thickness, so follow the contractor's written guidance. Hot weather keeps asphalt soft longer, so the wait can stretch in midsummer.
How often should an asphalt driveway be sealed?
Not every year by default. Wait until new asphalt has cured, as the contractor advises, then reseal when the surface looks faded and porous, usually every few years depending on sun and traffic. Fill cracks first, and choose a sealer that isn't coal-tar-based; coal-tar pavement sealants can no longer be sold in Canada.
Can new asphalt be laid over my old driveway?
Sometimes. Resurfacing works when the existing pavement is still well supported and drains properly, after repairs and cleaning. If the driveway shows widespread alligator cracking, sinking or heaving, the base is the problem, and an overlay will crack in the same places.
What should I do if a paving crew knocks on my door?
Don't agree to anything on the spot. Ask for a written quote with the company's full name and address, check it, and compare it with other quotes. If you do sign at home, Ontario and Quebec both let you cancel within 10 days of receiving your written copy of the contract.
Sources
- Compliance guide for the Certain Products Containing Toxic Substances Regulations — Environment and Climate Change Canada
- Door-to-door sales — Office of Consumer Affairs, Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada
- Door-to-door sales and home service contracts — Government of Ontario
- Cancelling a renovation contract — Office de la protection du consommateur
- Getting a permit for a curb cut — Ville de Montréal
- Water use regulations: what you need to know — Ville de Montréal
Written by the LokalMatch editorial team. Last reviewed September 10, 2026.
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What affects the cost of asphalt driveway
Prices depend on the details of your project. We only publish price ranges when they’re backed by real LokalMatch quote data or reliable sources. Until then, here’s what usually changes the price:
- Size and thickness of the area
- Removal of the old surface
- Excavation and base preparation
- Finish, colour or pattern
- Access for equipment and trucks
- Steps, curves, drains or retaining edges
How to compare paving contractors before you hire
- Choose a contractor who explains how they'll prepare the base, since most concrete and interlock problems start underneath.
- Ask how they'll slope the surface so water drains away from the house.
- Get a written quote that covers excavation, base material, reinforcement, finish and removal of the old surface.
- Look at jobs they finished a few seasons ago to see how they've held up through freeze and thaw.
- Ask whether they'll call to have underground utilities located before digging.
Questions to ask paving contractors before you hire
- How deep will you excavate, and what base will you put down?
- Will you use reinforcement, and what kind?
- How will you make sure water drains away from the house?
- Does this work need a permit from my municipality?
- How soon can the surface be walked on or driven on after it's done?
- What warranty do you offer for cracking, settling or heaving?
When to call a pro for asphalt driveway
- Cracks that are widening or slabs that have sunk or lifted
- Water pooling against the foundation after rain
- Trip hazards on steps, walkways or driveways
Asphalt driveway permits and local rules
Some asphalt driveway work needs a permit or has to meet local bylaws. Rules vary by municipality, so ask your pro whether a permit is needed and who will apply for it — and check with your city or town if you’re unsure.
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