On this page
Good garden design starts with the ground, not the plant list. Sun, soil and drainage decide what will thrive, and in Canada a short season, cold winters, salt from the street and summer dry spells narrow the choices further. More homeowners also want native and pollinator-friendly beds, and in Quebec new rules now bar the sale of some invasive shrubs and weeds that were once common in gardens.
This page covers the kinds of gardens a designer plans, how a design comes together, matching plants to sun, soil and drainage, planting for pollinators, invasive plants to leave out, choosing a maintenance level and the drawings you receive. Whole-yard plans with patios, grading and construction are covered on the landscape design page.
Garden design services: perennial borders, pollinator beds, vegetable gardens and foundation plantings
- Perennial borders: layered beds of flowering perennials, grasses and bulbs planned for colour and texture across the season.
- Pollinator and native gardens: beds built mainly from regional native species, chosen to feed bees, butterflies and birds.
- Foundation plantings: shrubs and perennials along the house, placed clear of windows, vents and meters and away from roof drip lines.
- Vegetable and kitchen gardens: raised or in-ground beds laid out for sun, paths wide enough to work from, and crop rotation.
- Shade gardens: ferns, sedges, woodland perennials and spring bulbs under trees, planted without cutting through major roots.
- Bed makeovers: editing an existing garden by keeping the best plants, moving misplaced ones and filling the gaps.
How a garden design comes together: from site walk to planted bed
Most garden design projects follow the same path, whether the designer only draws the plan or also plants it. The early steps take the longest to show results but decide whether the bed still looks right a few years later.
- Site walk: the designer notes how many hours of sun each bed gets, where water sits after rain, what already grows well and what you want from the space.
- Soil check: a look at texture and depth, and often a soil test, before any plant is chosen.
- Concept: the shape of the beds, the height layers from back to front and a colour or style direction you approve.
- Planting plan: every plant located on a drawing, with a plant list, quantities and spacing that allows for mature size.
- Bed preparation: sod and weeds removed, soil loosened and amended where needed, and a clean edge cut or installed.
- Planting and mulch: plants set at the right depth, watered in and mulched, with watering instructions for the first season.
Matching garden plants to sun, soil and drainage
Sun is the first filter. A bed that looks bright at noon may be shaded by the house all morning, and a spot under a young maple will get darker every year, so a designer watches the light through the day and plans for how trees will grow. Plants rated for full sun sulk in shade, and shade lovers scorch against a hot south wall.
Soil and drainage come next. Heavy clay holds water and warms slowly in spring, while sandy soil drains fast and dries out in July; each suits different plants, and adding compost helps both. A simple test hole filled with water shows whether a spot drains: if water lingers long after the rest of the bed has dried, choose plants that tolerate wet feet or improve the drainage first. Beds along a road or driveway also face salt spray and piled snow, so a good plan puts tough, salt-tolerant plants there and saves delicate ones for protected spots.
Native and pollinator garden design: bloom from spring to fall
A pollinator garden works when something is in flower all season. Manitoba Agriculture notes that early, mid and late season bloom promotes more pollinator activity, and that a wider variety of flowering plants generally supports a wider variety of bees. A designer therefore builds a bloom calendar, pairing spring bulbs and early natives with summer perennials and late asters and goldenrods, so the bed never goes quiet.
Native species evolved alongside local insects and are often the plants those insects need, and many handle local winters and dry spells with little help once they are established. Shelter matters as much as flowers: the same Manitoba guidance points out that ground-nesting bees need undisturbed soil and that pithy stems and dead branches give insects refuge, so a pollinator design leaves a patch of bare, untilled ground and some stems standing over winter.
Invasive plants to leave out of a new garden design
Some plants that were sold for years now crowd out native vegetation, and a good designer won't put them in your beds. Quebec lists common buckthorn and glossy buckthorn as invasive exotic shrubs that form dense thickets. Under the province's new regulation on invasive exotic plant species, selling common buckthorn and cultivating it for propagation are prohibited as of June 4, 2026, glossy buckthorn can no longer be cultivated for propagation from that date and may no longer be sold from June 4, 2027, and giant hogweed may no longer be sold or cultivated as of June 4, 2026.
Toronto's turfgrass and prohibited plants by-law names several plants that owners must not let grow, including buckthorn, dog-strangling vine, garlic mustard, Japanese knotweed, phragmites, purple loosestrife and giant hogweed. Giant hogweed's sap causes severe burns in sunlight, so the Ontario government recommends hiring a professional to remove it. When a new design replaces an old bed, ask the designer to identify any of these before planting, and to remove them properly rather than tilling the roots through the new soil.
Low-maintenance or high-maintenance garden design: planning the upkeep you want
Every garden needs some care, but the design decides how much. Be honest about your time before the plan is drawn: a bed of long-blooming perennials that need deadheading, dividing and staking can look spectacular and still become a chore by August.
- Dense planting that covers the soil leaves weeds less room than widely spaced plants in a sea of mulch.
- Shrubs, grasses and tough perennials planted in larger groups need less attention than many single specimens.
- Plants chosen for their mature size don't have to be sheared back every year to fit the space.
- Species suited to the site's soil and rainfall need less watering once established, which also helps under municipal watering limits.
- A defined edge of steel, stone or a cut trench keeps grass from creeping into the bed.
- Vegetable gardens and annual displays remain the most work, since they are replanted every spring.
Garden design drawings: planting consultation, concept sketch or full planting plan
Garden designers offer different levels of drawing, and the right one depends on who will do the planting. A consultation, often a walk around the yard with notes and a plant list, suits confident gardeners editing an existing bed. A concept sketch shows bed shapes and the general arrangement without placing each plant. A full planting plan is a scaled drawing with every plant marked, a list of species, sizes and quantities, and often a bloom calendar and care notes, which is what you need to get comparable quotes from installers or to plant it yourself over several weekends.
Garden Design: frequently asked questions
What's the difference between garden design and landscape design?
Garden design focuses on the planted beds: which plants go where and how they work together. Landscape design covers the whole yard, including patios, paths, grading and drainage, with planting as one part of the plan.
Can a garden designer work with the plants I already have?
Yes. Many projects start by keeping healthy plants that suit the site, moving those in the wrong spot and removing invasive or failing ones. Ask for a bed makeover or editing plan rather than a fresh design.
Are native plant gardens low maintenance?
Often lower than a traditional bed once established, because well-chosen natives suit local soil and weather. They still need watering while young, weeding in the first seasons and some cutting back, and a planting plan with clear edges keeps them looking deliberate.
When is the best time to plant a new garden bed?
Spring and early fall are the usual windows, when the soil is workable and the weather is mild. Designing over the winter lets you plant as soon as the ground is ready.
Which plants are banned from sale in Quebec?
Under Quebec's regulation on invasive exotic plant species, the sale of common buckthorn and of giant hogweed is prohibited as of June 4, 2026, and the sale of glossy buckthorn from June 4, 2027. Ask your designer to avoid these and other invasive plants.
How do I know if my garden bed drains well?
Watch it after a heavy rain and dig a test hole filled with water. If water pools for a long time, choose plants that tolerate wet soil, or have the drainage improved before planting.
Sources
Written by the LokalMatch editorial team. Reviewed by Zubair Afzal on September 10, 2026. How we write and check our guides
