Asbestos Removal
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Asbestos removal in Britain is one of the few domestic jobs where the law decides who may hold the tools. The Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012 divide work with asbestos into three categories — licensed, notifiable non-licensed and non-licensed — and the category is determined by the material, its condition and the exposure the work will generate, not by how big the job feels. Getting that classification right is the first thing a competent contractor does and the first thing a homeowner should ask about.
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The dating is straightforward. Amphibole asbestos, which covers crocidolite and amosite among others, was prohibited by the Asbestos (Prohibitions) Regulations 1992, which came into force on 1 January 1993 and also banned asbestos spraying outright. Chrysotile, the white asbestos that lasted longest in British building products, was prohibited by the Asbestos (Prohibitions) (Amendment) Regulations 1999 with effect from 24 November 1999. HSE's working assumption follows from that: asbestos may be part of any commercial or domestic building built or refurbished before the year 2000.
This page deals with removal proper — lagging, insulation, insulating board, cement products and loose fill. Textured decorative coatings are their own subject and are covered in our wall and ceiling guides rather than repeated here.
Three categories of asbestos work, and only one needs a licence
The definition sits in regulation 2(1) of the 2012 Regulations. Licensable work with asbestos is work where exposure of employees is not sporadic and of low intensity; or where the risk assessment cannot clearly demonstrate that the control limit will not be exceeded; or work on asbestos coating; or work on asbestos insulating board or asbestos insulation where the risk assessment demonstrates the work is not sporadic and of low intensity, or cannot clearly demonstrate the control limit will not be exceeded, or demonstrates the work is not short duration work. Anything meeting one of those tests must be done by a contractor holding a licence from HSE.
Below that sits notifiable non-licensed work, which does not need a licence but does carry three extra duties beyond ordinary non-licensed work: the work must be notified to the relevant enforcing authority before it starts, workers must be under medical surveillance with examinations including a chest assessment repeated at least every three years, and a register must be kept of the nature and duration of the work and each worker's estimated exposure, retained for forty years. HSE gives examples such as work on asbestos cement products where the material will be substantially damaged, and repairs to damaged asbestos insulation on a short length of pipe.
Everything else is non-licensed work, and the most persistent misunderstanding in Britain is that non-licensed means unregulated. It does not. To be non-licensed, exposure has to be sporadic and of low intensity — HSE puts figures on that, saying the concentration of asbestos in air should not exceed 0.6 fibres per cubic centimetre measured over ten minutes — and the work must still not exceed the control limit, with a risk assessment, appropriate controls and properly trained operatives in every case.
The materials that put a job into the licensed category
- Sprayed asbestos coatings, historically used on steelwork and soffits and known in the trade as limpet: any work on sprayed asbestos is licensed work.
- Asbestos lagging and thermal insulation on pipes, boilers and vessels: most repair and any removal is licensed, including work that may disturb pipe lagging.
- Loose fill asbestos insulation, for example in a wall cavity or a floor void: any work involving it is licensed.
- Asbestos insulating board, where the risk assessment shows the work is not short duration or cannot demonstrate the control limit will be met — AIB is the one homeowners meet most often and it sits right on the boundary.
- Asbestos millboard, and the cleaning up of significant quantities of loose debris containing asbestos dust where the work is not sporadic or of short duration.
- By contrast, asbestos cement — corrugated garage and shed roofs, rainwater goods, flue pipes, soffits — is a bonded product and work on it is usually non-licensed if it is carefully removed and kept intact, and notifiable non-licensed if it will be substantially damaged.
The licence, and the 14 days' notice to HSE
Regulation 8(1) of the Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012 is short: an employer must hold a licence granted under paragraph (2) before undertaking any licensable work with asbestos. Licences are issued by HSE's Asbestos Licensing Unit, are applied for at least 28 days before the licence is to start, may run for any period up to a maximum of three years, and may be granted subject to whatever conditions HSE considers appropriate. Carrying out licensable work without a licence is an offence.
Regulation 9 adds the notification. For licensable work, the employer must notify the appropriate enforcing authority at least 14 days before undertaking the work, or such shorter period as that authority may agree. For notifiable non-licensed work the requirement is notification before work is commenced, with no minimum period specified, submitted through an online form. That fourteen-day gap is the single most useful fact a homeowner can hold, because it tells you a genuine licensed job cannot start next Tuesday because someone had a cancellation.
There is a check you can make. HSE's Asbestos Licensing Unit publishes information about current licence holders, so a contractor's claim to be licensed is verifiable rather than something to take on trust from a logo on a van. Ask for the licence details and look them up before anyone opens a ceiling.
What a householder may and may not do
The Regulations bite on work activities and on employers, so a homeowner doing something in their own house is not in the same legal position as a contractor. That is a narrow technical point and a bad basis for a decision, and HSE's own advice to homeowners is explicit: do not try to repair or remove any asbestos materials yourself if you have not had any training for non-licensed asbestos work, and seek advice from an environmental health officer at your local authority or council.
HSE is equally clear that certain materials should only be removed by a contractor licensed by HSE — sprayed asbestos coatings, asbestos lagging and insulation, and asbestos insulating board. No amount of care makes a homeowner an appropriate person to take down an AIB ceiling lining or strip lagging from a pipe. Those are the materials that release the most fibre for the least disturbance, which is precisely why they sit inside the licensing regime.
There is also a strong argument for doing nothing. HSE's position is that where you are sure or strongly suspect that your home contains asbestos materials, it is often best to leave them where they are, especially if they are in good condition and unlikely to be damaged. An undisturbed asbestos cement garage roof is not an emergency; a homeowner attacking it with an angle grinder is. There is no legal requirement on an owner-occupier to remove asbestos that is intact and undamaged.
How a licensed removal is actually run
- Identification comes first: either a sample is taken and analysed, or the material is presumed to be asbestos-containing and treated accordingly.
- The contractor produces a risk assessment and a written plan of work setting out the method, the controls and the waste route, and classifies the job before pricing it.
- For licensable work, HSE is notified at least 14 days before the work begins, so the programme has that period built into it.
- The work area is enclosed and put under controlled conditions, access is restricted, and operatives use the respiratory protection and decontamination arrangements the plan specifies.
- Material is removed wet or by other dust-suppressing methods rather than dry, and cleaning is done with appropriate vacuum equipment rather than by sweeping.
- Clearance follows: for licensed removals the enclosure is inspected and air tested by an analyst before it is dismantled and the area handed back.
- You should be given the paperwork at the end, including the plan of work, clearance documentation and the waste consignment record.
Surveys, sampling and the control limit
The control limit is defined in regulation 2(1) as a concentration of asbestos in the atmosphere of 0.1 fibres per cubic centimetre of air averaged over a continuous period of four hours, measured by the 1997 World Health Organization recommended method or an equivalent approved by HSE. It is a limit that must not be exceeded rather than a safe level, and it is the number that the classification of the work turns on.
Surveys come in two kinds and HSE's guidance for them is HSG264, Asbestos: the survey guide. A management survey is intended to let a dutyholder produce an asbestos register and management plan and manage the materials during normal occupation. A refurbishment or demolition survey is the one that matters before work: there is a legal requirement for asbestos-containing materials to be removed as far as reasonably practicable before major refurbishment or demolition, and this survey must locate and identify materials hidden within the building fabric before structural work begins. It is destructive, it may disturb asbestos, and the area has to be vacated while it is done.
The duty to manage under the Regulations applies to non-domestic premises, which is why a survey is usually commissioned by a contractor or a client rather than required of a homeowner. That does not help you if a builder starts work without one. Agreeing in the contract who arranges the survey, who pays for it and who arranges licensed disposal is a five-minute conversation that prevents a very expensive argument.
Where asbestos waste has to go
- Asbestos waste is hazardous waste and must not be mixed with normal household waste or put in a skip with general rubbish.
- HSE describes the standard packaging as double wrapping: a red inner bag marked with asbestos warning labels inside a clear outer bag.
- It should only be handled by a licensed disposal site, and the local authority can tell you which sites in the area accept it.
- Some councils accept small quantities of bonded asbestos from householders by prior arrangement, often with a booking system and limits on quantity — check before turning up.
- Keep the consignment or transfer paperwork for the waste; it is the evidence of where the material went.
- Never break asbestos cement sheets down to fit them into a car or a bin, because breaking is exactly the disturbance the rules exist to prevent.
What drives an asbestos removal quote, and how LokalMatch fits in
Classification drives the price more than quantity does. What moves a quotation is which of the three categories the work falls into, the material and its condition, whether an enclosure and air testing are required, how accessible the material is and whether it is fixed to or entangled with structure, how much of the property has to be handed over to the contractor and for how long, the volume of hazardous waste and the disposal route, and whether a survey and analysis are included or priced separately. Two garage roofs of the same area can differ substantially if one is intact and one has been walked on.
LokalMatch connects you to contractors and stops there. Say what the material appears to be, where it is, what condition it is in and roughly when the building was built or last refurbished, add your postcode, and asbestos contractors covering your area respond. Homeowners pay nothing; pros pay for the requests they receive. LokalMatch does not survey, remove or dispose of anything, does not set prices and does not vet, rank or recommend anyone, so verifying a licence with HSE and asking which category the work falls into stays with you.
Asbestos Removal: frequently asked questions
Does all asbestos work need a licensed contractor?
No — only licensable work does, and regulation 2(1) of the Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012 defines that. It is work where exposure is not sporadic and of low intensity, or where the risk assessment cannot clearly demonstrate that the control limit will not be exceeded, or work on asbestos coating, or work on asbestos insulating board or insulation that fails the sporadic, low-intensity or short-duration tests. Below that sit notifiable non-licensed work and non-licensed work, both of which still require risk assessment, controls and trained operatives.
How much notice does HSE get before licensed work starts?
At least 14 days. Regulation 9 requires an employer to notify the appropriate enforcing authority at least 14 days before undertaking licensable work with asbestos, unless that authority agrees to a shorter period. Notifiable non-licensed work is different: it must be notified before work commences, but there is no minimum notice period. If a contractor offers to start licensed work the day after tomorrow, something is wrong with either the offer or the classification.
Can I remove the asbestos cement roof on my own garage?
Work on bonded asbestos cement is usually non-licensed if the sheets are removed carefully and kept intact, so it is not in the licensed category — but HSE advises homeowners not to attempt to repair or remove asbestos materials without training for non-licensed asbestos work, and to seek advice from a local authority environmental health officer. Breaking sheets, using power tools on them or dropping them off a roof turns a controllable job into fibre release, and the waste still has to go to a licensed disposal site.
How can I tell whether a contractor really holds an HSE licence?
Check it rather than believe it. Licences are granted by HSE's Asbestos Licensing Unit under regulation 8, are applied for at least 28 days in advance, and may run for up to three years subject to conditions. The unit publishes information on current licence holders, so ask the contractor for their licence details and verify them against HSE's own records before any work is booked. Carrying out licensable work without a licence is an offence.
Should I remove asbestos that is in good condition?
Usually not. HSE's position is that where you are sure or strongly suspect your home contains asbestos materials, it is often best to leave them where they are, especially if they are in good condition and unlikely to get damaged. There is no legal obligation on an owner-occupier to strip out intact asbestos. Removal becomes the better option when the material is damaged, when it is somewhere it will be disturbed, or when work you are doing anyway will disturb it.
What is the difference between a management survey and a refurbishment survey?
Purpose and intrusiveness. A management survey, as described in HSE's HSG264, supports an asbestos register and management plan for a building in normal use. A refurbishment or demolition survey is required before major work, must locate materials hidden within the fabric, is destructive, may disturb asbestos and requires the area to be vacated while it is carried out. If a builder is about to open up a pre-2000 property, the refurbishment survey is the relevant one.
When exactly was asbestos banned in the UK?
In two stages. The Asbestos (Prohibitions) Regulations 1992 came into force on 1 January 1993 and prohibited amphibole asbestos — crocidolite, amosite and the fibrous forms of actinolite, anthophyllite and tremolite — as well as banning asbestos spraying. Chrysotile, or white asbestos, was prohibited by the Asbestos (Prohibitions) (Amendment) Regulations 1999 from 24 November 1999. That is why HSE says asbestos may be part of any building built or refurbished before the year 2000.
Sources
- The Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012, regulation 2 (licensable work and the control limit)
- The Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012, regulation 8 (licensing of work with asbestos)
- The Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012, regulation 9 (notification of work with asbestos)
- HSE: licensable work with asbestos
- HSE: notifiable non-licensed work (NNLW)
- HSE: non-licensed work with asbestos
- HSE: deciding if the work must be done by a licensed contractor
- HSE: asbestos frequently asked questions (pre-2000 buildings, homeowner advice, waste)
- HSE: HSG264, Asbestos, the survey guide
- HSE Asbestos Licensing Unit: licence holders and registrations
- The Asbestos (Prohibitions) Regulations 1992
- The Asbestos (Prohibitions) (Amendment) Regulations 1999 (chrysotile, in force 24 November 1999)
Written by the LokalMatch editorial team. Last reviewed 21 September 2026. How we write and check our guides
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What affects the cost of asbestos removal
Prices depend on the details of your project. We only publish price ranges when they’re backed by real LokalMatch quote data or reliable sources. Until then, here’s what usually changes the price:
- Interior or exterior approach
- Length of foundation wall to excavate or treat
- Depth, soil conditions and access for equipment
- Crack repair, underpinning or other structural work
- Weeping tile, sump pumps and backwater valves
- Restoring landscaping, driveways or finished basements
- Testing and safe removal of mould or asbestos, where needed
How to compare asbestos abatement contractors before you hire
- Choose a contractor who finds the source of the water before recommending a fix, whether that's grading, eavestroughs, cracks or drainage.
- Ask them to explain the difference between interior and exterior waterproofing for your home, and why they recommend one.
- For foundation cracks that are wide, growing or uneven, ask whether a structural engineer should assess them first.
- For mould, asbestos or radon, hire professionals qualified for that specific work, and don't disturb suspect materials yourself.
- Get a written quote that lists excavation, membranes, weeping tile, sump pumps and restoration of landscaping or finishes.
Questions to ask asbestos abatement contractors before you hire
- Where do you think the water is coming from, and how did you confirm it?
- Do you recommend interior or exterior waterproofing for my home, and why?
- Should a structural engineer look at these cracks or this wall?
- Does this work need a permit from my municipality?
- Is your warranty transferable if I sell the house, and what does it cover?
- How will you restore the landscaping, driveway or basement finishes afterwards?
- If you find mould or asbestos, how will it be handled and by whom?
When to call a pro for asbestos removal
- Water on the basement floor or damp walls after rain or snowmelt
- Foundation cracks that are growing, or walls that bow or lean, which should be assessed by a qualified professional
- Musty smells or mould that keeps coming back
- Suspected asbestos in insulation, flooring or pipe wrap: leave it undisturbed and call a qualified abatement professional.
Asbestos removal permits and local rules
Some asbestos removal work needs a permit or has to meet local bylaws. Rules vary by municipality, so ask your pro whether a permit is needed and who will apply for it — and check with your city or town if you’re unsure.
Permits and licensingSeasonal maintenance
This job is part of our home maintenance checklists for:
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