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Apartment Renovations

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Renovating an apartment in Australia is unusual among building jobs because the first obstacle is not the council and not the builder. It is the fact that you do not own most of what you are about to touch. In a strata scheme the lot owner owns the airspace and the finishes inside it, while the structure, the slab, the external walls and, critically, the waterproofing are common property belonging to the owners corporation.

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New South Wales makes that division unusually legible by sorting apartment work into three categories. Cosmetic work needs no approval at all, and covers things like painting the interior, filling minor holes and cracks in internal walls, installing hooks, blinds or a built-in wardrobe, and laying carpet. Minor renovations need approval from the owners corporation, strata committee or strata managing agent, and cover kitchen work, changes to internal walls, hard flooring in place of carpet, cabling and power points, air conditioning, double or triple glazing and ceiling insulation. Major renovations can only be approved by the owners corporation itself, by special resolution at a general meeting.

The dividing line that catches people out is waterproofing. Work that involves waterproofing is a major renovation, which means a bathroom is almost never the simple job it looks like from inside the apartment. Plan the approval before the trades are booked, because a strata scheme has to hold only one meeting a year and your timetable is now attached to theirs.

Cosmetic, minor and major: the three approval categories for NSW apartment work

  • Cosmetic work does not need approval, and covers interior painting, hooks and nails, blinds and curtains, handrails, built-in wardrobes, filling minor holes and cracks in internal walls, and laying carpet.
  • Cosmetic work must not affect the structure and must not involve waterproofing, which is where the category ends.
  • Minor renovations need approval, granted by a vote of more than half, and cover kitchen changes, changes to internal walls, hard flooring, wiring and cabling, air conditioning, glazing upgrades, rainwater tanks, clotheslines and ceiling insulation.
  • Applicants for a minor renovation are expected to present plans and the qualifications of the tradespeople who will do the work.
  • Major renovations can be approved only by the owners corporation, by special resolution at a general meeting, which fails if more than a quarter of the votes are against it.
  • Major renovations cover structural change, bathroom work, anything involving waterproofing, and changes to the exterior.
  • Where a major renovation is approved, at least 14 days' written notice must be given before work begins.

How an apartment renovation actually runs, from application to final clean

Work backwards from the meeting calendar. Establish which category your work falls into, prepare the plans and the tradespeople's qualifications, and lodge the application with the strata manager or committee with enough lead time to reach a general meeting if a special resolution is needed. Scheme meetings are not frequent, and a bathroom that needs a special resolution can wait months for a vote that takes four minutes.

Once approval exists, the logistics become the project. A city apartment renovation is run through a single lift, a loading dock with booking windows, a building manager with permitted work hours, and neighbours on all six sides of you. Materials arrive in lift-sized loads, waste leaves the same way, and the trade sequence has to be tighter than it would be in a house because nobody can spread out.

Finish with the paperwork the scheme will ask for later: the approval, the by-law if one was made, the certificates for electrical and plumbing work, and photographs of anything that will be concealed. Strata records outlive owners, and the next dispute about a leak will be settled by whoever kept documents.

By-laws, work hours and the common property you are not allowed to touch

Beyond the statutory categories, every scheme has its own by-laws, and they bind you the way a contract does. They commonly set the hours trades may work, require a bond or insurance certificates before access is granted, restrict the use of the passenger lift, and prohibit certain noisy work on weekends. Ask for the current by-laws in writing rather than relying on what the neighbours say the rules are.

Work that alters or adds to common property generally requires the owners corporation's approval, and in many cases a by-law recording who will maintain the altered part in future. That last point is more important than it sounds: without it, a future owners corporation may find itself maintaining something a previous owner installed, and the argument about who pays tends to arrive at the worst possible moment.

Where apartment renovations go wrong

  • Treating a bathroom as a minor renovation, when work involving waterproofing is a major renovation requiring a special resolution.
  • Replacing carpet with tiles or timber without approval or acoustic treatment, which is the single most common source of neighbour complaints in Australian schemes.
  • Chasing into a slab or a structural wall for services, which is common property and structure at the same time.
  • Starting work before the 14 days' written notice required for an approved major renovation has run.
  • Losing the approval trail, so that a future leak becomes a dispute with no record of who did what.
  • Assuming the builder will handle strata; the obligation to hold the approval sits with the lot owner.
  • Underestimating access: a single lift, a booked dock and restricted hours can add weeks to a programme that would take days in a house.

Strata approval is not building approval, and you may need both

A strata consent and a statutory building approval are separate things, and getting one does not give you the other. The owners corporation is deciding a property question about common property and by-laws. The building approval pathway, whichever one your state uses, is deciding a construction question about the Code. Structural change and anything that alters fire separation or egress will attract that second layer regardless of what the scheme says.

Because the approval systems and the building surveyor or certifier arrangements differ across the states and territories, confirm the pathway for your own state before the builder prices the job. The sequence that works is strata first, statutory approval second, trades third; doing it the other way round means paying for drawings that a general meeting may refuse.

Who is responsible when the new bathroom leaks into the apartment below

This is why waterproofing sits in the major renovation category. A failed membrane in a renovated apartment does not damage only your lot; it damages the lot below and the common property in between, and the cost of rectification usually dwarfs the cost of the original bathroom. If the work was approved and properly documented, the argument is about the builder's workmanship. If it was never approved, the lot owner is exposed personally.

Keep the membrane installer's details, the product information, the certificates and dated photographs of the membrane before tiling. They are the only evidence that will exist once the tiles are down, and they are what your insurer, the owners corporation and any tribunal will ask to see. The Australian Consumer Law guarantees of due care and skill apply to the trades you engaged, on top of whatever the contract says.

Apartment Renovations: frequently asked questions

Do I need strata approval to paint or recarpet my apartment?

In New South Wales, generally no. Painting the interior, filling minor holes and cracks in internal walls, laying carpet, and installing hooks, blinds, curtains, handrails or a built-in wardrobe are treated as cosmetic work that does not need approval. The limits on that category are that the work must not affect the structure and must not involve waterproofing. Other states run their own owners corporation rules, so check the position where your scheme is registered.

Is a bathroom renovation a minor or a major renovation in a NSW strata scheme?

Major. Bathroom work and anything involving waterproofing fall into the major renovation category, which only the owners corporation can approve, by special resolution at a general meeting. That is a higher bar than a minor renovation, which can be approved by a simple majority. Once approved, at least 14 days' written notice must be given before work starts, so build both the meeting and the notice period into your programme.

Can I replace carpet with timber or tiles?

In New South Wales that is a minor renovation, so it needs approval rather than being automatic. Installing or replacing wood, tile or other hard flooring, including removing carpet, is listed in the minor renovation category, and you will be expected to present plans and the qualifications of the tradespeople. Expect the scheme to ask about acoustic underlay as well, since impact noise through a slab is the usual complaint from the lot below.

How long does strata approval take?

It depends on the calendar rather than the complexity. Minor renovations can be approved by the owners corporation, strata committee or strata managing agent. Major renovations need a special resolution at a general meeting, and a scheme is only obliged to hold one meeting a year, although many hold more. If a meeting is months away, ask the strata manager whether an extraordinary general meeting can be called rather than assuming you must wait.

What is a special resolution?

It is a higher voting threshold used for decisions that affect the scheme as a whole, including major renovations. In New South Wales a special resolution passes at a general meeting provided no more than a quarter of the votes are cast against it. In practice this means a small, organised group of objectors can stop a major renovation, which is a good reason to talk to affected neighbours before the meeting rather than at it.

Sources

  1. NSW Government: Strata renovation rules

Written by the LokalMatch editorial team. Last reviewed 22 September 2026. How we write and check our guides

What affects the cost of apartment renovation

Prices depend on the details of your project. We only publish price ranges when they’re backed by real LokalMatch quote data or reliable sources. Until then, here’s what usually changes the price:

  • Size and scope of the project
  • Structural changes, such as moving or removing walls
  • Plumbing, electrical and HVAC work involved
  • Finishes and materials chosen
  • Design, drawings and permits
  • Condition of the existing house once it's opened up
  • Access to the site and the timeline

How to compare renovation contractors before you hire

  • Look for a contractor who has finished projects similar in size and type to yours, and ask to see them.
  • Get a written contract with the scope, the payment schedule, the timeline and how changes will be priced.
  • Ask who will manage the job day to day and how often you'll get updates.
  • Check that they carry liability insurance and workers' compensation coverage, and that their trades are licensed where required.
  • Compare quotes on the same scope, and ask what each one leaves out.
  • For structural changes, make sure an engineer or designer is involved where needed.

Questions to ask renovation contractors before you hire

  • Who will pull the permits, and who will be there for inspections?
  • Which parts of the job will you do yourselves, and which will go to subcontractors?
  • How do you handle change orders and unexpected problems once walls are open?
  • What is the payment schedule, and what is each payment tied to?
  • Can you show me proof of liability insurance and workers' compensation coverage?
  • What warranty do you offer on your workmanship, and is it in writing?
  • Can I speak with a few of your recent clients?

Apartment renovation permits and local rules

Some apartment renovation work needs a permit or has to meet local bylaws. Rules vary by municipality, so ask your pro whether a permit is needed and who will apply for it — and check with your city or town if you’re unsure.

Permits and licensing

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