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A general contractor holds the contract for a construction or remodeling project and is responsible for delivering it: hiring and paying the subcontractors, ordering materials, holding the schedule together, pulling the building permit and meeting the inspector on site. On most US remodels the general contractor is the only party the homeowner pays, and the framers, electrician, plumber, HVAC installer and drywall crew are paid by the contractor rather than by you.

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What a contractor must hold to work legally is decided state by state, and the differences are wide. California licenses contractors through the Contractors State License Board. Florida licenses them through the Department of Business and Professional Regulation and draws a sharp line between certified and registered contractors. Texas has no statewide licence for general residential contracting at all, and instead licenses particular trades such as electricians and air conditioning contractors. There is no national contractor licence and no single national registry, so the first thing worth establishing is which rules apply where you live.

Two federal rules reach into the job wherever you are: the EPA's lead-safe requirements for disturbing paint in housing built before 1978, and the FTC's three-day right to cancel certain sales made at your home. Almost everything else, from permits and inspections to what the contract must say and who can place a lien on your property, is set by your state and enforced by your local building department.

What a general contractor does, and when a single trade is enough

The useful distinction is not the title but who carries the risk. A general contractor takes responsibility for the whole result, coordinates every trade in sequence and answers for work done by people you never hired directly. A specialty trade contractor is responsible only for its own scope. When a project touches structure, several trades, or the building envelope, the coordination itself becomes the hard part, and that is what a general contractor is actually selling.

Titles used in the US market overlap and are not regulated consistently, so read the scope rather than the label. In many states anyone may print "contractor" on a truck; in others the word carries a licence class behind it.

  • General contractor: holds the prime contract, hires and pays subcontractors, and is normally the party that pulls the permit.
  • Remodeling contractor: a general contractor working in existing homes, where hidden conditions and living through the work drive most of the difficulty.
  • Specialty or trade contractor: licensed for one scope such as electrical, plumbing or mechanical, and often licensed even in states that do not license general contractors.
  • Construction manager: paid a fee to manage trades you contract with directly, which shifts both the savings and the risk back to you.
  • Design-build firm: carries design and construction under one agreement, so drawings and pricing develop together instead of in sequence.

Contractor licensing by state: California, Florida, Texas and New York City compared

Because licensing is a state matter, the same contractor can be heavily regulated in one state and unregulated in the next. Treat any claim of being "licensed and bonded" as a statement to verify with the issuing authority, not as a credential in itself, and check it against the state you are actually building in.

  • California: the Contractors State License Board licenses contractors, and state law exempts only very small jobs, measured by the aggregate price of labor, materials and all other items on the project. Splitting a larger job into smaller contracts to stay under that figure does not create an exemption.
  • California verification: CSLB publishes a license lookup by business or contractor name that shows license status, the address of record and bond and workers' compensation information, and licensed contractors are required to carry a contractor license bond.
  • Florida: state law distinguishes a certified contractor, who holds a certificate of competency from the department and may contract anywhere in the state, from a registered contractor, who has met the competency requirements of one jurisdiction and may contract only there.
  • Texas: the Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation licenses specific construction trades, including electricians and air conditioning and refrigeration contractors, but its program list contains no general contractor, home improvement or residential remodeling licence.
  • New York City: the city requires a Home Improvement Contractor licence for construction, repair or remodeling work on residential property, and licensees must meet contract requirements and carry security in the form of trust fund enrollment or a surety bond.
  • Everywhere: a state licence is not insurance. Ask separately for proof of general liability coverage and workers' compensation, because an uninsured injury on your property can become your financial problem.

Building permits, the International Residential Code and who inspects the work

Residential construction in the US is governed by model codes published by the International Code Council, most often the International Residential Code. These are model documents with no force of their own until a state or local government adopts them, and jurisdictions adopt different editions at different times and amend them locally. That is why a detail that passes inspection in one county is corrected in the next, and why the only authority that can tell you what applies to your address is the building department that will inspect the job.

Permits are not paperwork for its own sake. They trigger inspections at the points where defects become invisible: before walls are closed, the rough electrical, plumbing and mechanical work is looked at by someone with no stake in the schedule. Unpermitted work tends to surface later, when a buyer's inspector or an insurance claim finds it, and the cost of opening finished walls then falls on the owner rather than the contractor.

How a US remodeling project runs, from bids through the final punch list

LokalMatch is where the first step happens. You describe the project once, including your ZIP code and what you want done, and contractors working in your area get in touch with you directly. Those contractors pay for the requests they receive. LokalMatch does not perform any of the work, does not set or quote prices, and does not vet, rank or recommend the pros who respond, so verifying licence status, insurance and references remains your job and the guidance above is written to help you do it.

  • Scope and drawings: enough detail that competing contractors are pricing the same building, which is the only way their numbers can be compared at all.
  • Bids and selection: confirm licence status with the state authority, confirm insurance with the insurer rather than the contractor, and speak to owners of completed projects.
  • Contract signing: scope, schedule, payment milestones tied to completed stages, and a written procedure for changes before anyone starts demolition.
  • Permit issue: the permit is normally pulled by the contractor. A contractor who asks the homeowner to pull the permit is asking you to take on the code responsibility for the job.
  • Rough-in and inspection: framing, electrical, plumbing and mechanical work is inspected before insulation and drywall close it in.
  • Finishes and final inspection: the jurisdiction signs off, and only then does a punch list of defects and unfinished items get written, worked through and released against final payment.

Contracts, change orders and the FTC three-day right to cancel

The FTC Cooling-Off Rule gives a buyer the right to cancel certain sales for a full refund until midnight of the third business day after the sale. It covers sales made at your home, your workplace or a seller's temporary location such as a hotel room or fairground, and it applies even when you invited the salesperson to present in your home. Saturday counts as a business day; Sundays and federal holidays do not. The seller must hand over a dated contract or receipt showing its name and address, two copies of a cancellation form, and an explanation of the cancellation right in the language used in the sales presentation.

The rule has real limits, and the exclusions matter for home repair. It does not cover sales completed at the seller's permanent place of business, purchases made under emergency conditions, or work beyond what you originally asked for when you called a company out to repair or maintain your property. Several states add their own home improvement contract law on top. California requires a written contract for home improvement work above a threshold set in state law, caps the down payment a contractor may take before work starts, requires a written change order signed by both parties before extra work begins, and requires the contract to be legible and to inform the consumer of cancellation rights.

  • Get the contractor's name, business address and licence number written into the contract itself, not just on a business card.
  • Tie each payment to a completed, inspectable stage rather than to a calendar date.
  • Put every change in writing before the work happens; a verbal change order is the single most common source of end-of-job disputes.
  • Keep the final payment until the jurisdiction has signed off and the punch list is genuinely closed.

Mechanic's liens: how you can pay your contractor in full and still owe

A mechanic's lien is a US risk with no close equivalent for most homeowners elsewhere. Under state lien law, subcontractors, laborers and material suppliers who worked on your property can record a claim against the property itself when they are not paid, and their claim is against your home rather than against the contractor who failed to pay them. California's licensing board states this plainly: a subcontractor or supplier can lien your property even when you have already paid the general contractor in full.

The mechanics are state-specific but the shape is consistent. In California, subcontractors and suppliers who may need to lien are required to send the owner a Preliminary Notice, generally before work starts or supplies are delivered and within a short window afterwards, and failing to send it forfeits their lien rights. Texas law likewise gives contractors, subcontractors and suppliers lien rights on residential property and requires the owner to reserve part of the contract price during the work and for a period after it is completed. Keep every notice that arrives and treat it as a list of who must be paid.

  • Save each Preliminary Notice with the date you received it, so you know which parties can claim and for what.
  • Pay by joint check, made out to the contractor and the subcontractor or supplier together, so both must endorse it.
  • Collect a conditional release before paying and an unconditional release signed by each party after paying, and withhold further payment until prior releases are in hand.
  • Recording a notice of completion with the county recorder after the work is done shortens the window in which a lien can be recorded against you.

Signs the job has outgrown a handyman and needs a licensed contractor

  • The work changes or removes anything structural, including load-bearing walls, headers, beams or the roof structure.
  • More than one trade has to be sequenced, so the electrician's work depends on the framer finishing and the inspector passing.
  • The building department requires a permit and inspections, which in most jurisdictions means a licensed party must be responsible for the work.
  • The house was built before 1978 and painted surfaces will be disturbed, which brings federal lead-safe certification requirements into play.
  • The project opens the building envelope, where a detail done wrong shows up years later as rot rather than immediately as a defect.
  • The proposal arrives with no licence number, no written scope and a request for a large payment before anything starts.

General Contractors: frequently asked questions

Does a general contractor need a licence everywhere in the US?

No. Licensing is decided by each state and sometimes by the city. California licenses contractors through the Contractors State License Board and Florida through the Department of Business and Professional Regulation, while Texas has no statewide general residential contractor licence and licenses trades such as electricians and air conditioning contractors instead. Some cities license separately regardless of the state position, as New York City does with its Home Improvement Contractor licence. Check the state licensing authority for the state the work is in, and then check the city.

What is the difference between a certified and a registered contractor in Florida?

Florida law defines a certified contractor as one holding a certificate of competency issued by the department, who may contract in any jurisdiction in the state without meeting that jurisdiction's own competency requirements. A registered contractor has registered with the department after meeting the competency requirements of a particular jurisdiction, and may contract only in the jurisdictions covered by that registration. So a registered contractor working outside their registered area is working outside their licence.

Can I really cancel a contract within three days?

Sometimes. The FTC Cooling-Off Rule gives you until midnight of the third business day to cancel certain sales made at your home, your workplace or a seller's temporary location, including sales where you invited the salesperson in. It does not apply to everything: purchases completed at the seller's permanent place of business, emergency purchases, and work added on after you called a company out to repair or maintain your property are outside it. Some states give broader cancellation rights, so check your state's home improvement law as well.

Can a subcontractor put a lien on my house if I already paid the contractor?

Yes, in most states. Lien rights belong to the parties who supplied labor or materials, and they run against the property rather than against the general contractor who failed to pay them. California's licensing board warns homeowners about exactly this situation. The practical defences are the same everywhere: keep the preliminary notices you receive, pay by joint check, get signed lien releases before releasing each payment, and record a notice of completion when the work is finished.

What does the contractor need to do if my home was built before 1978?

Federal law requires that firms performing paid work that disturbs painted surfaces in housing built before 1978 be EPA lead-safe certified, assign a certified renovator to the job, follow lead-safe work practices, and give you the EPA's Renovate Right pamphlet before work starts. Firm certification lasts five years. There is a narrow minor repair and maintenance exemption for very small areas of disturbed paint, but window replacement and demolition are covered no matter how small the area.

Who pulls the building permit, me or the contractor?

On a normal remodel the contractor pulls it. Permits are issued against whoever takes responsibility for code compliance, so if a contractor asks you to pull the permit as the owner, they are moving that responsibility to you, and often doing so because of a licensing problem on their side. Since the International Residential Code is adopted and amended locally, your building department is the only authority on what is required at your address.

Sources

  1. CSLB (California): How do I find the right licensed contractor?
  2. California Business and Professions Code section 7048: small operations exemption
  3. CSLB (California): Learn about home improvement contracts
  4. CSLB (California): How to prevent a mechanics lien
  5. Florida Statutes section 489.105: certified and registered contractor definitions
  6. Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation: programs licensed and regulated by TDLR
  7. Texas Property Code chapter 53: mechanic's, contractor's or materialman's lien
  8. NYC Department of Consumer and Worker Protection: Home Improvement Contractor licence
  9. FTC: Cooling-off period for sales made at home or other locations
  10. FTC Consumer Advice: buyer's remorse and the Cooling-Off Rule
  11. International Code Council: I-Code adoptions by state
  12. EPA: Lead Renovation, Repair and Painting Program

Written by the LokalMatch editorial team. Last reviewed September 14, 2026. How we write and check our guides

What general contractors can help with

Common jobs homeowners hire general contractors for:

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What affects the cost of renovation

Prices depend on the details of your project. We only publish price ranges when they’re backed by real LokalMatch quote data or reliable sources. Until then, here’s what usually changes the price:

  • Size and scope of the project
  • Structural changes, such as moving or removing walls
  • Plumbing, electrical and HVAC work involved
  • Finishes and materials chosen
  • Design, drawings and permits
  • Condition of the existing house once it's opened up
  • Access to the site and the timeline

How to compare general contractors before you hire

  • Look for a contractor who has finished projects similar in size and type to yours, and ask to see them.
  • Get a written contract with the scope, the payment schedule, the timeline and how changes will be priced.
  • Ask who will manage the job day to day and how often you'll get updates.
  • Check that they carry liability insurance and workers' compensation coverage, and that their trades are licensed where required.
  • Compare quotes on the same scope, and ask what each one leaves out.
  • For structural changes, make sure an engineer or designer is involved where needed.

Questions to ask general contractors before you hire

  • Who will pull the permits, and who will be there for inspections?
  • Which parts of the job will you do yourselves, and which will go to subcontractors?
  • How do you handle change orders and unexpected problems once walls are open?
  • What is the payment schedule, and what is each payment tied to?
  • Can you show me proof of liability insurance and workers' compensation coverage?
  • What warranty do you offer on your workmanship, and is it in writing?
  • Can I speak with a few of your recent clients?

Renovation permits and local rules

Some renovation work needs a permit or has to meet local bylaws. Rules vary by municipality, so ask your pro whether a permit is needed and who will apply for it — and check with your city or town if you’re unsure.

Permits and licensing

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