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Domestic cleaning is one of the few home services in the United Kingdom with no licence, no register and no compulsory qualification behind it. Anyone may advertise as a cleaner tomorrow morning. What varies between one arrangement and the next is not a legal grade but the shape of the relationship: a self-employed cleaner who comes for a few hours a week, a small local firm that sends a two-person team with its own equipment, or an agency that introduces a cleaner and takes a fee. Those three sit very differently in law, and the difference decides who carries the insurance, who is answerable if something is damaged, and whether anyone owes holiday pay.

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The work itself runs from a regular clean that keeps a flat or house on top of dust, bathrooms, kitchens and floors, through a deep clean that takes in the oven, the inside of cupboards, limescale and skirting boards, to an end-of-tenancy clean that is judged against a landlord's inventory rather than against your own standards. Hours booked matter less than scope agreed: two people for three hours with a written list beats a vague half-day.

Because a cleaner usually works in your home alone, the useful checks are practical ones. Public liability insurance, a written list of what is and is not included, a clear arrangement for keys and alarm codes, and, if it matters to you, a criminal record check, which is a DBS check in England and Wales and a different service entirely in Scotland and Northern Ireland.

Regular cleans, deep cleans and end-of-tenancy cleans: what each one covers

Cleaning firms use the same three or four words for very different pieces of work, so the scope has to be agreed rather than assumed. Ask for the list in writing before the first visit and keep it with the booking, because it is the document you will point at if the result is not what you expected.

  • Regular or maintenance clean: bathrooms, kitchen surfaces, floors, dusting and bins on a repeating visit, working to a fixed time rather than to a finished-room standard.
  • Deep clean: the same rooms taken further, typically including inside the oven, behind and under moveable appliances, limescale on taps and shower screens, skirting boards, door frames and light switches.
  • End-of-tenancy clean: aimed at an inventory check at the end of a let, so it usually includes the oven, extractor, inside of cupboards, window interiors and appliance seals, and is quoted for an empty property.
  • Move-in clean: the same idea before you take possession, which is worth booking for the hours when the property is empty rather than around your furniture.
  • After-builders clean: fine construction dust needs vacuuming and repeated wiping rather than one pass, and it settles again for days, so agree whether a second visit is included.
  • Specialist add-ons such as carpet, upholstery, oven or interior window cleaning are separate jobs with their own equipment, and a general cleaner may subcontract or decline them.

Criminal record checks: DBS in England and Wales, Disclosure Scotland and AccessNI

Nothing in UK law requires a cleaner to hold a criminal record check, and there is no cleaning register to look them up on. If you want one, you are asking for a specific product from a specific service, and the three parts of the UK run different ones. Knowing which is which stops you accepting a certificate that says less than you think.

In England and Wales the Disclosure and Barring Service issues a basic check, which shows unspent convictions and conditional cautions, a standard check, which shows spent and unspent convictions and cautions, and an enhanced check, which adds information held by local police that is considered relevant to the role, with a further version that checks the barred lists. The higher levels are tied to eligible roles and are requested by an employer or organisation rather than bought by anyone who fancies one, so for ordinary domestic cleaning a basic check is the level usually in reach.

  • Scotland: Disclosure Scotland issues its own levels and runs the PVG scheme, a five-year membership for people doing regulated roles with children or protected adults, and joining it is a legal requirement for those roles.
  • Northern Ireland: AccessNI issues basic, standard and enhanced checks; anyone can apply for a basic check, while standard and enhanced applications must be counter-signed by an AccessNI registered organisation.
  • A certificate is a snapshot of the day it was issued, so ask when it was obtained rather than treating an old one as current.
  • A cleaner working through a company may have been checked by that company; ask the company what level it obtained and for which staff.
  • Decide separately how keys, alarm codes and entry are handled, and put that in writing: it matters more day to day than any certificate.

Employing a cleaner yourself or booking a company: what changes in law

This is the distinction most households never think about, and it is the one that has real consequences. If you engage a cleaner directly, set the hours, supply the equipment and tell them how the work is done, you may be their employer rather than their customer, whatever the arrangement is called. Employment status in UK law follows the substance of the arrangement, and the categories that matter are employee, worker and genuinely self-employed.

The practical consequences attach to that status. Almost all people classed as workers are legally entitled to 5.6 weeks' paid holiday a year, which is 28 days for someone working five days a week and is calculated proportionally for part-time hours. The National Minimum Wage covers workers but not self-employed people running their own business. A cleaner who works for several households, brings their own products, sends invoices and decides how the job is done looks self-employed; one who works fixed hours for you alone, to your instructions, with your equipment, may not.

Health and safety law draws its own line here. The Health and Safety at Work Act does not apply to the employment of domestic servants in a private household, so a cleaner you employ directly sits outside it, but a cleaner who is self-employed or supplied by an agency is covered by the Act. Booking through a company moves the employment questions, the insurance and the health and safety duties onto that company.

Cleaning products, hazard symbols and COSHH for professional cleaners

Where cleaning is done as work, the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations apply to the products used. Substances hazardous to health include chemicals and products containing chemicals, along with fumes, dusts, vapours and mists, and HSE's rule of thumb is blunt: if the packaging carries any of the hazard symbols, it is classed as a hazardous substance. Professional-strength oven cleaners, drain products, descalers and disinfectants routinely qualify.

The duty falls on the employer, not on you, but it tells you what a well-run cleaning business looks like: it has assessed the risks from the substances it uses, including storage, handling and disposal, it prevents exposure or controls it where prevention is not reasonably practicable, and it has given staff information, instruction and training about those risks and the precautions taken.

  • Ask whether the cleaner brings products and equipment, or expects to use yours, and settle it before the first visit rather than on the doorstep.
  • If you want particular products used, because of a stone worktop, a pet, an allergy or a painted surface, say so in writing and leave them out ready.
  • Ventilate rooms where strong products are used, and keep pets and children out of them until surfaces are dry.
  • Decanting products into unlabelled bottles removes the hazard information the label carries, which is why professional kits keep the original packaging.
  • Bathroom and drain products are the ones most often misused; a cleaner who asks what you have already put down a drain is doing it properly.

Setting up a first clean, and where LokalMatch fits in

A sensible first visit starts with a walk round: the rooms in scope, the floors and their finishes, the oven, anything fragile, anywhere off limits, and how long the round takes. That walk is what turns a guess into a quote, and it is also when you find out whether someone listens. Agree the scope, the frequency, how access works and how you will flag a problem, then let the first clean test the estimate.

On LokalMatch you describe the property and the clean once, in your own words, and cleaning businesses that cover your postcode get in touch with you directly. The businesses pay for the requests they receive; you pay nothing to ask. LokalMatch does not do the cleaning, does not set or approve anyone's prices, and does not vet, rank or recommend the businesses that reply, so the checks in this guide, the insurance, the scope in writing, the arrangement for keys, are yours to make.

Breakages, insurance and the things that actually go wrong

The common complaints are not dramatic. A finish damaged by the wrong product, a vacuum against a skirting board, an ornament knocked from a shelf, a mark left on a glass shower screen that was already etched by limescale. What decides how these end is whether anyone is insured and whether the condition of the room was ever recorded.

  • Ask whether the cleaner or the firm holds public liability insurance, and whether it covers accidental damage to the property they are working in.
  • Photograph anything already marked, chipped or etched before the first visit, particularly worktops, shower screens, hobs and wooden floors.
  • Put genuinely valuable or irreplaceable items away rather than relying on a note asking for care around them.
  • Agree what happens to items left out: cleaned round, moved and replaced, or left untouched.
  • Raise a problem in writing within a day or two, with a photograph, while the visit is fresh and can be checked.
  • If a key is held, agree what happens to it when the arrangement ends, and whether it is tagged with your address, which it should not be.

If the clean is not right: the Consumer Rights Act 2015 on services

Cleaning bought from a business is a service, and the Consumer Rights Act 2015 supplies terms into that contract whether or not anyone wrote them down. Every contract to supply a service is treated as including a term that the trader must perform the service with reasonable care and skill. Where no price was agreed, the consumer must pay a reasonable price and no more, and where no time was agreed, the service must be performed within a reasonable time.

The remedies follow the same pattern. Where the service falls short, the consumer can require the trader to re-perform it within a reasonable time and without significant inconvenience, at the trader's cost. Where repeat performance is impossible or does not happen in a reasonable time, the consumer can require a price reduction by an appropriate amount, refunded within a set period using the original payment method and without a fee for doing so. In practice, asking the firm to come back and finish the rooms it missed is both the fastest route and the one the Act points at first.

What actually drives a cleaning quote in the UK

  • Hours on site rather than rooms: a small flat with three bathrooms takes longer than a larger house with one.
  • Whether the work is a repeating visit or a one-off, since a first clean on a neglected property is effectively a deep clean.
  • How the cleaner travels and parks, which in city centres with permit zones can add real time to every visit.
  • Whether products and machines are supplied, and whether specialist kit such as a carpet machine or a steam cleaner is needed.
  • Add-ons that are genuinely separate tasks: inside the oven, interior windows, inside kitchen cupboards, the fridge or the extractor filter.
  • Access and layout: stairs in a maisonette, no lift in a block of flats, a long carry from parking, or a narrow lane a van cannot reach.
  • Whether the property is occupied or empty, and whether pets are present during the visit.

House Cleaning: frequently asked questions

Do cleaners need a licence in the UK?

No. Domestic cleaning is not a licensed or registered trade anywhere in the UK, and there is no official body you can look a cleaner up on. That is exactly why insurance, a written scope and a clear arrangement about access do the work a licence would do elsewhere. Where cleaning is carried out as work, health and safety law and the COSHH Regulations still apply to the business doing it.

Should I ask my cleaner for a DBS check?

You can ask, and many cleaners working alone in homes will have a basic check showing unspent convictions. Remember the geography: the Disclosure and Barring Service covers England and Wales, Disclosure Scotland covers Scotland and runs the PVG scheme for regulated roles with children or protected adults, and AccessNI covers Northern Ireland, where anyone can apply for a basic check but standard and enhanced applications must be counter-signed by a registered organisation. A certificate reflects the day it was issued, so ask how recent it is.

If I pay a cleaner directly, do I owe them holiday pay?

It depends on their employment status, which follows the reality of the arrangement rather than the label on it. Almost all people classed as workers are legally entitled to 5.6 weeks' paid holiday a year, which is 28 days for a five-day week and is worked out proportionally for part-time hours, and the National Minimum Wage applies to workers but not to self-employed people running their own business. A cleaner who works for several households, brings their own products and controls how the job is done is usually self-employed; one working set hours for you alone, to your instructions, with your equipment, may not be. If the answer matters, take advice before the arrangement is a year old.

Who pays if my cleaner damages something?

That is what public liability insurance is for, so ask whether the cleaner or the firm holds it and whether it covers damage to the property being worked in. Photograph existing marks on worktops, shower screens, hobs and floors before the first visit, raise any problem in writing within a day or two with a photograph, and if the work itself fell short rather than damaged something, the Consumer Rights Act 2015 lets you ask for the service to be re-performed at the trader's cost.

What is the difference between a deep clean and an end-of-tenancy clean?

A deep clean is defined by you and usually happens around your furniture: oven, limescale, cupboard interiors, skirting boards, the parts a regular visit never reaches. An end-of-tenancy clean is defined by someone else, the inventory check at the end of a let, and is quoted for an empty property because the cleaner needs the appliances pulled out and the cupboards bare. If a deposit depends on the result, book the empty-property version and ask what happens if the inventory clerk flags something.

Do I need to be at home while the cleaning is done?

Not usually, and many regular arrangements run on a key or a coded entry. Be there for the first visit and the walk round, because that is when scope, floor finishes, fragile items and off-limits rooms get settled. If a key is held, agree in writing who holds it, that it is not labelled with your address, and what happens to it when the arrangement ends.

Sources

  1. HSE: COSHH in the cleaning industry
  2. HSE: what is a substance hazardous to health?
  3. HSE: domestic work and health and safety law
  4. GOV.UK: DBS checks, levels and eligibility
  5. mygov.scot: Disclosure Scotland check types and the PVG scheme
  6. nidirect: types of AccessNI check
  7. GOV.UK: holiday entitlement
  8. GOV.UK: who gets the National Minimum Wage
  9. GOV.UK: employment status
  10. Consumer Rights Act 2015, Part 1 Chapter 4 (services)

Written by the LokalMatch editorial team. Last reviewed 14 September 2026. How we write and check our guides

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What affects the cost of house cleaning

Prices depend on the details of your project. We only publish price ranges when they’re backed by real LokalMatch quote data or reliable sources. Until then, here’s what usually changes the price:

  • Size of the home and number of bathrooms
  • Type of clean: regular, deep, move-in or move-out
  • Current condition and how long since the last clean
  • How often you book
  • Extras like inside the oven, fridge, cabinets or windows
  • Pets, stairs and access

How to compare house cleaners before you hire

  • Ask exactly what's included in a standard clean, a deep clean and a move-out clean, since each company defines them differently.
  • Check whether the company carries liability insurance and whether cleaners are employees or contractors.
  • Ask whether they bring their own supplies and equipment, and whether they can use products you prefer.
  • For recurring service, ask whether the same cleaner or team will usually come.
  • For specialty work like carpet, upholstery or pressure washing, choose someone with the right equipment for that job.

Questions to ask house cleaners before you hire

  • What exactly is included in the clean you're quoting?
  • Do you bring your own supplies and equipment?
  • Are you insured if something is damaged or someone is hurt?
  • Will the same person or team come each time?
  • How do you handle keys, alarm codes and access to my home?
  • What happens if I'm not happy with part of the clean?

House cleaning permits and local rules

Some house cleaning work needs a permit or has to meet local bylaws. Rules vary by municipality, so ask your pro whether a permit is needed and who will apply for it — and check with your city or town if you’re unsure.

Permits and licensing

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