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Pest control in the United States sits on a two-layer system that is worth understanding before you hire anyone. The pesticides themselves are registered federally: EPA must register a product before it can be sold or distributed in the country, and the label that comes with it is legally binding. The people who apply those products are licensed and certified by the states, so the credential your technician carries is a state one, and the rules behind it change when you cross a state line.

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This type of work often has to be done by a licensed or certified trade. Ask to see licences and proof of insurance before work starts.
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The pest mix is regional too. Roaches, rodents, ants and stinging insects turn up everywhere, but the structural threat that dominates across the South and much of the West is termites. Subterranean termite treatment, the contracts that go with it, and the wood-destroying insect report that lenders expect at a home sale are all distinctly American parts of this trade, and several states regulate the paperwork in detail.

A competent company inspects and identifies before it treats, explains what it intends to apply and why, and gives you the treatment and any warranty in writing. Integrated pest management, the approach EPA describes, is the standard to measure them against: identify the pest, set a threshold, prevent what can be prevented, and choose the least risky effective control rather than spraying on a schedule.

Licensed by your state, using products registered by EPA

Federal law requires any person who applies or supervises the use of restricted use pesticides to be certified in accordance with EPA regulations and state, territorial and tribal laws, and EPA is explicit that state, territorial and tribal authorities are the ones that certify applicators. Many states go further and require all commercial applicators to be certified, not only those using restricted use products. EPA oversees those programs; it does not issue the everyday license your technician carries.

State structures differ in the details but rhyme. Florida requires each pest control business location to be licensed by the state agriculture department and to employ full time a Florida-certified operator in charge, certified in categories such as general household pest and rodent control, termite and other wood-destroying organisms control, and lawn and ornamental pest control. Texas requires companies to be licensed with the Structural Pest Control Service to provide commercial pest control services. EPA's own termite guidance tells homeowners plainly that firms offering termite services must be licensed by your state.

On the product side, FIFRA requires all pesticides sold or distributed in the United States, including imports, to be registered by EPA, while states have primary authority for compliance monitoring and enforcement and may impose stricter requirements. It is a violation of federal law to use a pesticide in a manner inconsistent with its labeling, which is why a professional should be willing to show you the label for anything applied in your home.

Termites in the United States: subterranean, drywood and Formosan

EPA identifies the native subterranean termite as the most common form of termite in most of the United States. These colonies live in the soil and reach wood through hidden contact points and mud tubes, which is why treatment strategy focuses on the soil and the perimeter rather than on the visible damage. Drywood termites, which EPA describes as smaller and less common, live inside the wood itself and need a different approach. The Formosan termite is an invasive species and is treated as a serious structural threat where it has established.

Distribution explains why pest control looks different in different parts of the country. Warm, humid regions across the South and Gulf Coast face year-round subterranean pressure, and a home there may be under a termite contract for its entire life, whereas in colder northern states termites are a localized rather than a routine concern. That is also why buyers in much of the South encounter wood-destroying insect inspections as a normal part of closing on a house.

Signs of termites, and the conditions that invite them

EPA suggests two homeowner checks: probing exposed wood for hollow areas, and watching for termite swarms. Telling a swarming termite from a flying ant matters, and EPA gives the identifying marks: on a termite the wings are roughly equal in length and the antennae are straight, though they may droop, while ants have longer front wings and bent antennae.

  • Mud tubes on foundation walls, piers or inside a crawlspace, running from soil toward wood.
  • Wood that sounds hollow when tapped, or that gives way when probed with a screwdriver.
  • Swarmers or discarded wings near windowsills, light fixtures and doorways, often in spring.
  • Bubbled or distorted paint on trim and baseboards, and floors that feel soft underfoot.
  • Wood-to-soil contact: siding, trim, deck posts, fence rails or stored lumber touching the ground, a condition North Carolina inspectors record as conducive to subterranean termites.
  • Excessive moisture around the structure from poor drainage, leaking hose bibs or a damp crawlspace, another conducive condition inspectors are required to note.

Termite treatment options and what each involves

EPA describes the approved chemical approaches as liquid soil-applied termiticides, termite baits, building materials impregnated with termiticides, and wood treatments such as borates. Liquid treatments establish a treated zone in the soil around and sometimes beneath the structure; baits place monitored stations in the ground so the colony carries the active ingredient back; treated materials and borate applications protect the wood itself and are most practical during construction or when wood is exposed.

In Texas, the state distinguishes pre-treatments, which treat the soil before the home is built, from post-treatments applied after final grading or any time later. Before treating, Texas requires the company to give the customer disclosure documents that include a diagram of the structure to be treated, the label for any pesticide recommended or to be used and the proposed concentration of the termiticide, and the complete details of the warranty provided. Texas also prohibits annual retreatment of a structure unless there is clear evidence that reinfestation or barrier disruption has occurred, which is a useful check against a company selling a yearly respray you do not need.

EPA is clear about who should do this work: in most cases, termiticide application can only be properly performed by a trained pest management professional. This is not a category where a homeowner product substitutes for a soil treatment or a monitored bait system.

Termite contracts and bonds: retreatment only, or retreatment and repair

Termite work is usually sold as an ongoing agreement, commonly called a termite contract or termite bond, and several states regulate what it must say. Georgia's rules require the licensee to issue a written contract covering a termite control job that states the specific type of minimum adequate control measure used, the effective dates, a diagram showing the structure and any visible infestation, and the charges, and that spells out repair cost arrangements.

The most important distinction is the level of guarantee, and Georgia requires it to appear in prominent lettering as one of two statements: that the work provides retreatment of a structure but does not provide for the repair of damages caused by wood-destroying organisms, or that it provides retreatment and the repair of damages within the limits stated in the contract. Contracts must also state renewal fees, how long those fees remain fixed, and whether reinspections are to be made and at approximately what interval. Where a bait system is used, Georgia requires a warning that removal of the bait or baiting system may result in a lack of termite protection.

Read those clauses before signing anywhere in the country, whether or not your state mandates the wording. Retreatment-only and repair-inclusive agreements are very different products, and the renewal terms decide what the protection is worth in year five.

The wood-destroying insect report at a home sale

Buying or selling in termite country usually means a wood-destroying insect inspection, performed by a licensed pest management professional on a state form. North Carolina's consumer guidance explains the scope well: the report requires a careful visual examination of all accessible areas of a building and documents evidence of subterranean termites, powderpost beetles, carpenter ants and old house borers, along with conditions conducive to subterranean termites such as wood-soil contact and excessive moisture.

Its limits matter as much as its contents. North Carolina states that the report is not a warranty as to the absence of wood-destroying insects but a report of the visible presence or absence, and that it is not a structural damage report, with evaluations of damage left to a structural engineer, contractor or other building expert. If treatment is performed, a copy of the written agreement and warranty, if any, must be attached to the report. Treat a clean report as a snapshot of what was visible on that day, keep the attached warranty with your closing documents, and have any noted damage assessed by someone qualified to judge structure.

Integrated pest management, and how LokalMatch fits in

EPA's integrated pest management approach is a sequence, not a product. It begins with an action threshold, the point at which pest populations or environmental conditions indicate that control action must be taken, because EPA notes that not all insects, weeds and other living organisms require control. Monitoring and correct identification come next, then prevention, and only then control, where effective, less risky controls are chosen first and broad spraying of non-specific pesticides is a last resort. A company that inspects, identifies, tells you what threshold it is working to and seals entry points is following that model; one that quotes a spray before it has identified the pest is not.

LokalMatch is where you start that conversation. You describe the problem once, including what you have seen, where and for how long, the age and construction of the home and whether children or pets are in the house. Pest control companies covering your area receive the request and interested ones contact you. Pros pay for the requests they receive; homeowners pay nothing to use it. LokalMatch does not perform pest control, does not set prices, and does not vet, rank or recommend any company, so confirming the state license, the products proposed and the contract terms remains your responsibility.

Pest Control: frequently asked questions

Does a pest control company have to be licensed to treat termites?

Yes. EPA states that firms offering termite services must be licensed by your state, and states run those licensing programs themselves. Florida, for example, requires each business location to be licensed and to employ a full-time certified operator in charge, certified in categories including termite and other wood-destroying organisms control. Texas requires companies to be licensed with its Structural Pest Control Service. Ask for the license number and verify it with the state agency.

What is the difference between a termite bond and a warranty?

In practice the contract is the warranty, and the crucial question is what it covers. Georgia requires guaranteed contracts to state prominently either that the work provides retreatment only and does not cover repair of damage caused by wood-destroying organisms, or that it provides retreatment and repair of damages within the limits stated in the contract. Check which one you are being sold, plus the renewal fee, how long that fee is fixed, and the reinspection interval.

How do I know the products used in my home are safe to use as directed?

Every pesticide sold or distributed in the United States must be registered by EPA, and the label is enforceable: it is a violation of federal law to use a pesticide in a manner inconsistent with its labeling. Ask for the product label before treatment and read the precautions about reentry, ventilation, children and pets. Texas actually requires termite companies to give the customer the label and the proposed concentration in advance.

Do I need a termite inspection to sell my house?

In much of the country a lender or buyer will require a wood-destroying insect report, prepared by a licensed professional on the state's form. North Carolina notes the report is required on almost every residential structure sold there. Remember what it is: a visual report of the presence or absence of evidence, not a warranty against termites and not a structural damage assessment.

Will one termite treatment protect my house permanently?

No treatment is permanent, but neither should it be resold to you every year by default. Texas prohibits annual retreatment of a structure unless there is clear evidence that reinfestation or barrier disruption has occurred. The durable protection comes from the contract's inspection and retreatment terms, plus fixing conducive conditions such as wood-soil contact and excess moisture that inspectors are required to record.

Sources

  1. EPA: Termites - How to Identify and Control Them
  2. EPA: How to Get Certified as a Pesticide Applicator
  3. EPA: About Pesticide Registration
  4. EPA: Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Principles
  5. North Carolina Department of Agriculture: Homeowner's Guide to the Wood-Destroying Insect Report
  6. Georgia Rules and Regulations, Chapter 620-6: Wood Destroying Organisms
  7. Texas Department of Agriculture: Termite FAQs
  8. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services: Pest Control Licensing and Certification

Written by the LokalMatch editorial team. Last reviewed September 14, 2026. How we write and check our guides

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What affects the cost of pest control

Prices depend on the details of your project. We only publish price ranges when they’re backed by real LokalMatch quote data or reliable sources. Until then, here’s what usually changes the price:

  • Type of pest or animal
  • How widespread the problem is
  • Size of the home and number of units affected
  • Treatment method
  • Number of follow-up visits
  • Exclusion work, such as sealing gaps or installing barriers

How to compare exterminators before you hire

  • Choose a company that inspects first and identifies the pest before recommending treatment.
  • Ask whether they are licensed to apply pest control products in your area.
  • For wildlife like raccoons, squirrels or birds, look for a company that uses humane removal and seals entry points.
  • Ask how they'll keep children, pets and food safe during and after treatment.
  • Get the treatment plan in writing, including follow-up visits and what happens if the problem comes back.

Questions to ask exterminators before you hire

  • What pest do you think this is, and how did you identify it?
  • Are you licensed to apply pest control products in my area?
  • What products or methods will you use, and are they safe around children and pets?
  • How do I need to prepare my home before treatment?
  • How many visits are included, and what happens if the problem comes back?
  • Will you seal entry points so the problem doesn't return?

When to call a pro for pest control

  • Droppings, gnaw marks or scratching noises in walls or the attic
  • Bites or small blood spots on bedding that could point to bed bugs
  • A wasp or hornet nest near a door, deck or play area
  • An animal living in the attic, chimney or under a deck

Pest control permits and local rules

Some pest control work needs a permit or has to meet local bylaws. Rules vary by municipality, so ask your pro whether a permit is needed and who will apply for it — and check with your city or town if you’re unsure.

Permits and licensing

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