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Interior Designers

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Interior design in the United States is regulated in some states and not in others, which makes it one of the harder professions for a homeowner to read. Louisiana licenses it, requiring six years of combined interior design education and work experience and a pass in all three sections of the NCIDQ examination, and ties the requirement to code-based commercial environments such as offices, retail, hospitals and schools. Texas registers the title through the same board that registers architects and landscape architects, under its own chapter of the Occupations Code. Nevada registers interior designers through its architecture board, and provides that no person may practice as a registered interior designer or use that title in the state without a certificate of registration.

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In much of the rest of the country the title is unregulated, and anyone may use it. CIDQ, which administers the NCIDQ examination and has represented regulatory boards since 1974, says its certification is recognized in over half of US states and Canadian provinces, which is a useful way of saying that the map is genuinely patchy.

For residential work this usually means no licence is legally required. It also means that the credential on a proposal tells you something only if you know what your own state does with it.

Where interior design is regulated and where the title is free

Three patterns exist side by side. A practice-style requirement, as in Louisiana, ties the licence to particular work: the state frames the licensed practice around code-based commercial environments intended to protect the health, safety and welfare of the public, and recommends but does not mandate licensure for residential work. A title registration, as in Texas and Nevada, restricts who may call themselves a registered interior designer without restricting who may decorate a living room. And in many states neither applies, so the word is open to anyone.

This has one very practical effect on a house project. Residential interior design is almost never the regulated activity, wherever you live, so the person you hire for your own home is typically working without a state credential and that is lawful. Where regulation bites is on the commercial side, and on the parts of a residential job that cross into building work needing a permit. Ask which of the two sides of that line your project sits on, and you will know whether a licence is even a relevant question.

Decorating, interior design and interior architecture

  • Decorating: furniture, fabrics, rugs, lighting fixtures, art and color, with nothing structural or permitted involved.
  • Space planning: rearranging how rooms are used and furnished without moving walls or services.
  • Full interior design: finishes, cabinetry, lighting design, plumbing fixture selection and coordination with the trades installing them.
  • Interior architecture work: moving or removing partitions, changing openings and relocating plumbing or electrical, which brings permits and licensed trades in.
  • Procurement and project management: specifying, ordering, tracking and receiving goods, and managing installation days.
  • Consultation only: a paid visit and a written plan you execute yourself, which is often the right size of engagement for one room.
  • Renovation support: working alongside a contractor, an architect or an engineer rather than leading the project.

How a residential interior design project actually runs

It starts with measuring and photographing what exists, then a written program: what each room has to do, who uses it, what stays and what goes, and what the number is. Concepts follow, usually as plans plus a material and furniture board rather than renderings. Once a direction is agreed, the designer produces the working information, which for a kitchen or bathroom means dimensioned plans and elevations, a fixture and finish schedule, and a lighting layout.

Then comes the unglamorous half, which is procurement and scheduling. Lead times on cabinetry, appliances, stone, tile and upholstered goods drive the entire calendar, and the single most common reason a residential interior job drags is that an item was specified late or ordered late. Ask how ordering is handled and in whose name, who receives and inspects deliveries, who stores them, and who is responsible when something arrives damaged or discontinued. Those answers matter more to your experience than the mood board does.

Who is responsible for what when a designer, an architect and a builder overlap

On a renovation that involves construction, three people can be giving instructions and the boundaries must be written down. In general, a designer specifies and selects, an architect or engineer is responsible for the parts that are designed and sealed, and the contractor is responsible for how it is built and for meeting the code. Problems arise where specification and construction meet: a tile chosen without regard to slip resistance, a vanity that will not accept the plumbing rough-in, a lighting layout drawn after the electrical rough was set.

The fix is sequencing rather than blame. Have finish and fixture selections made before rough-in wherever possible, have the designer's drawings issued to the contractor rather than described verbally, and make it explicit who checks that what arrived matches what was specified. If the designer is not managing construction, say so plainly so that nobody assumes otherwise on site.

When interior work stops being decoration and needs a permit

Paint, furniture and window treatments are not permitted work anywhere. The line moves as soon as walls, structure, plumbing, electrical, gas or ventilation are touched, and it moves earlier than most people expect: relocating a sink, adding circuits, changing a bathroom exhaust fan's duct route or removing a partition that turns out to be bearing all typically require a permit and licensed trades.

The design professional question comes back here too. Any structural change goes to an engineer regardless of who designed the room, and in a jurisdiction that requires sealed documents for the work you are doing, an unlicensed designer cannot supply them. Ask your building department what your specific scope requires before demolition, not after, and treat any designer who dismisses permits as an unnecessary formality as a reason to keep looking.

Common friction points in a residential design engagement

  • The fee structure is unclear: hourly, flat fee, percentage of goods, trade discount retained, or a mix, and nobody said which.
  • Ownership of the specification is undefined, so you cannot take the plan to another supplier without starting over.
  • Purchases are made in the designer's name with no written record of deposits, so you have no direct recourse to the vendor.
  • Lead times were never scheduled against the construction calendar, and the trades are standing idle waiting on a stone slab.
  • Selections are presented without samples in the actual room, and a color that worked in a showroom fails under your own lighting.
  • Site measurements were taken from old drawings, and cabinetry or furniture ordered to dimensions that do not exist.
  • The scope silently grows from one room to the whole floor with no revised agreement behind it.

What a design fee reflects, and the part LokalMatch plays

Two proposals rarely differ because one designer is more expensive; they differ because they include different amounts of work. What moves the number is the number of rooms and how much of each is being changed, whether construction drawings and trade coordination are included, how much procurement and delivery management the designer is carrying, how many concept rounds and revisions are allowed, whether site visits during construction are inside the fee, and how goods are billed. Ask every designer to state the fee basis in one sentence and to say plainly whether any trade discount is retained.

LokalMatch exists to make the first contact simple. You describe the rooms once, say whether the job is decoration or renovation, note your timeline, and indicate whether a contractor is already involved. Interior designers serving your area receive it, and the ones who are interested get in touch. Pros pay for the requests they receive and homeowners pay nothing. LokalMatch does not design interiors, does not set fees, and does not vet, rank or recommend any designer, so checking any state registration where your state has one and agreeing the fee basis in writing remains yours.

Interior Designers: frequently asked questions

Do interior designers need a licence in the United States?

Only in some states, and usually for commercial work. Louisiana licenses interior design, requiring six years of combined education and work experience and all three sections of the NCIDQ examination, framed around code-based commercial environments. Texas and Nevada register the title instead, with Nevada providing that nobody may practice as a registered interior designer or use the title without a certificate. Many states regulate neither.

What is the NCIDQ examination and does my designer need it?

It is the examination administered by CIDQ, which has represented regulatory boards since 1974 and says its certification is recognized in over half of US states and Canadian provinces. Where a state licenses or registers interior designers, it is typically the required exam. For a purely residential project in an unregulated state it is not legally required, but it is meaningful evidence of tested competence.

Can my interior designer move a wall or relocate the plumbing?

They can design it; they cannot authorize or perform it. Structural changes go to a licensed engineer or architect, and plumbing, electrical and gas work goes to licensed trades under permit. In a jurisdiction requiring sealed documents for that scope, an unlicensed designer cannot provide them. Confirm with your building department what your scope needs before any demolition begins.

How are interior designers usually paid?

There is no single convention, which is exactly why it has to be written down. Common structures are an hourly rate, a flat design fee, a percentage of the cost of goods and construction, or a product markup, and several firms use a combination. Ask specifically whether any trade discount is passed to you or retained, and whether purchases are made in your name or the designer's.

Do I need a designer if I already have an architect?

Sometimes, and the test is whether anyone is doing the finish, fixture and furnishing work in detail. Architects vary widely in how far into interiors they go. If your architect's scope stops at the shell and the built-ins, an interior designer fills a real gap. If it already covers finishes, lighting and cabinetry, adding a second voice without defining the split usually creates coordination problems rather than solving them.

Sources

  1. Louisiana State Board of Interior Design Examiners: licensing requirements
  2. Texas Board of Architectural Examiners: statutes and rules for architects, registered interior designers and landscape architects
  3. Texas Board of Architectural Examiners
  4. Nevada State Board of Architecture, Interior Design and Residential Design
  5. CIDQ: the NCIDQ examination and interior design certification

Written by the LokalMatch editorial team. Last reviewed September 21, 2026. How we write and check our guides

What interior designers can help with

Common jobs homeowners hire interior designers for:

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What affects the cost of interior design

Prices depend on the details of your project. We only publish price ranges when they’re backed by real LokalMatch quote data or reliable sources. Until then, here’s what usually changes the price:

  • Type of professional and service needed
  • Size and complexity of the project
  • Level of detail in drawings or reports
  • Number of site visits and meetings
  • Number of design revisions
  • Help with permits or contractor selection

How to compare interior designers before you hire

  • Match the professional to the job: an architect or engineer where the work requires one, a designer for layout and finishes, or an inspector for a condition report.
  • Ask whether they are licensed or certified for this type of work in your area, where that applies.
  • Review a portfolio or sample report that's similar to your project.
  • Get a written agreement that spells out the services, deliverables, number of revisions and how fees are charged.
  • Ask whether their drawings will be suitable for a permit application, and whether they'll help with it.

Questions to ask interior designers before you hire

  • Are you licensed or certified for this type of work in my area?
  • What exactly will you deliver: drawings, specifications, a report or site visits?
  • How are your fees charged: a fixed fee, hourly or based on the project cost?
  • How many rounds of revisions are included?
  • Will your drawings be ready for a permit application, and will you submit it?
  • Can I see a sample of a similar project or report?
  • Do you carry professional liability insurance?

When to call a pro for interior design

  • Before removing or moving a wall that may be load-bearing
  • Before buying a home, to understand its condition
  • When a permit application needs drawings

Interior design permits and local rules

Some interior design work needs a permit or has to meet local bylaws. Rules vary by municipality, so ask your pro whether a permit is needed and who will apply for it — and check with your city or town if you’re unsure.

Permits and licensing

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